Table 1.
Demographic Characteristics, Scores of STAI-Y, CATS, RRS, and PHQ-9, and Their Correlation with PHQ-9 Scores
| Characteristic or Measure | Value (Number or Mean ± SD) | Correlation with PHQ-9 score (r) or Effect on PHQ-9 Score (Mean ± SD of PHQ-9 Score, t-test) |
|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 41.3 ± 11.8 | r = −0.024, p = 0.301 |
| Sex (male: female) | 207: 266 | Male 3.5 ± 4.0 vs female 4.6 ± 4.5, p = 0.007 (t-test) |
| Education years | 14.6 ± 1.8 | r = −0.069, p = 0.068 |
| Living alone (yes: no) | 99: 374 | Yes 5.2 ± 4.9 vs no 3.8 ± 4.1, p = 0.007 (t-test) |
| Employment (yes: no) | 465: 8 | Yes 4.1 ± 4.3 vs no 3.3 ± 5.4, p = 0.584 (t-test) |
| Subjective social status | 5.12 ± 1.63 | r = −0.288, p < 0.001 |
| Previous psychiatric disease (yes: no) | 47: 426 | Yes 7.19 ± 5.7 vs no 3.7 ± 4.0, p < 0.001 (t-test) |
| Current psychiatric disease (yes: no) | 15: 458 | Yes 8.0 ± 5.7 vs no 3.9 ± 4.2, p < 0.001 (t-test) |
| STAI-Y score (trait anxiety) | 43.1 ± 10.4 | r = 0.673, p < 0.001 |
| CATS score | 27.5 ± 20.7 | r = 0.320, p < 0.001 |
| RRS total score | 35.2 ± 11.4 | r = 0.518, p < 0.001 |
| RRS brooding score | 8.7 ± 3.3 | r = 0.468, p < 0.001 |
| RRS reflection score | 7.5 ± 2.7 | r = 0.298, p < 0.001 |
| PHQ-9 score | 4.1 ± 4.3 |
Notes: Data are presented as the mean ± SD or numbers. r = Pearson’s correlation coefficient.
Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; STAI-Y, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory form Y; CATS, Child Abuse and Trauma Scale; RRS, Ruminative Responses Scale; PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire-9.