Table 2.
Patients Characteristics
| Variables | Categories | Total N (%) | Males n (%) | Females n (%) | P-value Chi-Square |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | |||||
| ≤40 Years | 17 (5.1) | 8(47.1) | 9(52.9) | < 0.001 (15.52) | |
| 41–60 Years | 152 (45.4) | 66(43.4) | 86(56.6) | ||
| >60 Years | 166 (49.6) | 39(23.5) | 127(76.5) | ||
| Duration of HTN | |||||
| <5 Years | 109 (32.5) | 39(35.8) | 70(64.2) | 0.690 (1.47) | |
| 6–10 Years | 136 (40.6) | 44(32.4) | 92(67.6) | ||
| 11–15 Years | 26 (7.8) | 7(26.9) | 19(73.1) | ||
| >16 Years | 54 (16.1) | 21(38.9) | 33(61.1) | ||
| Educational Level | |||||
| No formal education | 102 (30.4) | 11(10.8) | 91(89.2) | < 0.001 (35.41) | |
| Primary level | 140 (41.8) | 58(41.4) | 82(58.6) | ||
| Secondary and above | 93 (27.8) | 44(47.3) | 49(52.7) | ||
| Marital Status | |||||
| Single/separated/divorced/widowed | 149 (44.5) | 39(26.2) | 110(73.8) | 0.010 (6.86) | |
| Currently married/Cohabitating | 186 (55.5) | 74(39.8) | 112(60.2) | ||
| Ethnicity | |||||
| Tigrigna | 318 (94.9) | 109(34.4) | 209(65.7) | 0.439 0.834 |
|
| Others | 17 (5.1) | 4(23.5) | 13(76.5) | ||
| Employment Status | |||||
| Unemployed | 41 (12.2) | 74(60.7) | 48(39.3) | <0.001 137.95 |
|
| Government/NGO | 122 (36.4) | 24(77.4) | 7(22.6) | ||
| Self-employed | 31 (9.3) | 0 (0.0) | 141(100) | ||
| Housewife | 141 (42.1) | 15(36.6) | 26(63.4) | ||
| Tobacco Use | |||||
| Yes | 12 (3.6) | 11(91.7) | 1(8.3) | < 0.001 (18.69) | |
| No | 323 (96.4) | 102(31.6) | 221(68.4) | ||
| Coffee Consumption | |||||
| Daily/Frequently | 123 (36.7) | 34(27.6) | 89(72.4) | 0.093 (3.22) | |
| Rarely/Never | 212 (63.3) | 79(37.3) | 133(62.7) | ||
| Alcohol Consumption | |||||
| Yes | 71(21.2) | 31(43.7) | 40(56.3) | 0.049 (3.98) | |
| No | 264(78.8) | 82(31.1) | 182(68.9) | ||
| Diabetes | |||||
| Yes | 30 (9.0) | 18(60.0) | 12(40.0) | 0.002 (10.17) | |
| No | 305 (91.0) | 95(31.1) | 210(68.9) | ||
| Number of Tablets | |||||
| 1 | 94 (41.6) | 17(18.1) | 77(81.9) | 0.046 (8.0) | |
| 2 | 126 (55.8) | 39(31.0) | 87(69.0) | ||
| ≥3 | 6 (1.8) | 3(50.0) | 3(50.0) | ||
| Physical Exercise | |||||
| Daily | 18(5.4) | 11(61.1) | 7(38.9) | <0.001 26.99 | |
| Frequently | 7(2.1) | 6(85.7) | 1(14.3) | ||
| Rarely | 38(11.3) | 21(55.3) | 17(44.7) | ||
| Never | 272(81.2) | 75(27.6) | 197(72.4) | ||
| HTN Complications | |||||
| Yes | 125 (37.3) | 52(41.6) | 73(58.4) | 0.023 (5.52) | |
| No | 210 (62.7 | 61(29.0) | 149(71.0) | ||
| Systolic BP | |||||
| <140 mmHg | 166(49.6) | 48(28.9) | 118(71.1) | 0.083 (3.41) | |
| >140 mmHg | 169(50.4) | 65(38.5) | 104(61.5) | ||
| Diastolic BP | |||||
| <90 mmHg | 187(56.0) | 56(29.9) | 131(70.1) | 0.103 (2.87) | |
| >90 mmHg | 147(44.0) | 57(38.8) | 90(61.2) | ||
| BP Control | |||||
| Good | 160(47.9) | 47(29.4) | 113(70.6) | 0.106 (2.73) | |
| Poor | 174(52.1) | 66(37.9) | 108(62.1) | ||
| Stage of Hypertension | |||||
| Stage 1 | 143(42.7) | 59(41.3) | 84(58.7) | 0.015 (10.51) | |
| Stage 2 | 83(24.8) | 29(34.9) | 54(65.1) | ||
| Stage 3 | 33(9.9) | 10(30.3) | 23(69.7) | ||
| Controlled BP | 76(22.7) | 15(19.7) | 61(80.3) | ||
Notes: Underweight = BMI ≤18:5 kg/m2; normal weight = BMI: 18.6–24.9 kg/m2; oerweight = BMI: 25–29.9 kg/m2; obese ≥30 kg/m2. Abdominal obesity: waist circumference (WC) >94 cm in men and WC >80 cm in women.
Abbreviations: HTN, hypertension; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; NGO, non-governmental organisation.