Table 4.
Factors Associated with Adherence to Antihypertensive Medications (N=335)
| Population Characteristics | Antihypertensive Medications Adherence | Adherence vs Non-Adherence | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poor (%) | Good (%) | COR(95% CI) | P value | AOR(95% CI) | P value | |
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 91 (80.5) | 22 (19.5) | 10.55(2.42–45.97) | 0.002 | 4.95(1.52–16.11) | 0.008 |
| Female | 153 (68.9) | 69 (31.1) | 1 | 1 | - | |
| Age | ||||||
| <40 years | 9 (52.9) | 8 (47.1) | 0.34(0.06–2.00) | 0.234 | - | - |
| 41–60 years | 122 (80.3) | 30(19.7) | 1.11(0.47–2.63) | 0.816 | - | - |
| >61 years | 113 (68.1) | 53 (31.9) | 1 | 0.385 | - | - |
| Educational Status | ||||||
| No Education | 61 (59.8) | 41 (40.2) | 1 | 0.426 | - | - |
| Primary level | 108(77.1) | 32 (22.9) | 1.21(0.54–2.74) | 0.642 | - | - |
| Secondary and above | 75 (80.6)* | 18 (19.4) | 1.93(0.71–5.29) | 0.200 | - | - |
| Marital Status | ||||||
| Single/Widow/Divorced | 109 (73.2) | 40 (26.8) | 1.4(0.669–2.93) | 0.372 | - | - |
| Married | 135 (72.6) | 51 (27.4) | 1 | – | ||
| Employment Status | ||||||
| Employed/NGO | 101(82.8) | 21 (17.2) | 1 | 0.01 | 1 | 0.002 |
| Self-employed | 28 (90.3) | 3 (9.7) | 1.57(0.32–7.78) | 0.578 | 1.95(0.45–8.48) | 0.373 |
| Housewife | 77 (54.6) | 64 (45.4) | 0.10(0.02–0.51) | 0.005 | 0.13(0.04–0.413) | 0.001 |
| Unemployed | 38 (92.7)* | 3 (7.3) | 1.70(0.32–9.15) | 0.537 | 1.38(0.32–5.98) | 0.670 |
| Duration of HTN | ||||||
| <5 years | 73(67.0) | 36(33.0) | 1 | 0.002 | - | - |
| 6–10 years | 115(84.6) | 21(15.4) | 4.02(1.72–9.41) | 0.001 | - | - |
| 11–15 years | 14(53.8) | 12(46.2) | 0.50(0.15–1.67) | 0.262 | - | - |
| >16 years | 37(68.5) | 17(31.5) | 1.60(0.61–4.15) | 0.337 | - | - |
| Attendance of Health Talk at the Clinic | ||||||
| Yes | 110(82.7) | 23(17.3) | 1 | 1 | ||
| No | 134(68.7) | 61(31.3) | 2.38(1.16–4.88) | 0.018 | 2.33(1.17–4.63) | 0.016 |
| Complication of HTN are Dangerous | ||||||
| Yes | 192(68.1) | 90(31.9) | NE | - | - | - |
| No | 52(98.1) | 1(1.9) | NE | - | - | |
| Suffered Serious HTN Complication | ||||||
| 90(84.1) | 17(15.9) | NE | ||||
| 154(67.5) | 74(32.5) | NE | ||||
| High Cost of Medication | - | - | ||||
| Yes | 178(99.4) | 1(0.6) | NE | - | - | - |
| No | 66(42.3) | 90(57.7) | NE | - | - | - |
| Cost of Transport to Hospital is high | ||||||
| Yes | 128(64.3) | 71(35.7) | 6.24(2.86–13.61) | <0.001 | 6.87(3.25–14.52) | <0.001 |
| No | 116(85.3) | 20(14.7) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Family Members Support | ||||||
| Yes | 220(72.6) | 83 (27.4) | 0.63(0.21–1.91) | 0.410 | - | - |
| No | 24 (75.0) | 8 (25.0) | 1 | - | - | |
| Knowledge | ||||||
| Good | 163(66.3) | 83(33.7) | 1 | <0.001 | 1 | |
| Poor | 77(91.7) | 7(8.3) | 13.8(3.26–58.01) | 6.23(2.36–18.05) | <0.001 | |
| Classes of Raised BP | ||||||
| Stage 1 | 109(76.2) | 34(23.8) | 1.70(0.74–3.92) | 0.211 | 1.63(0.74–3.62) | 0.228 |
| Stage 2 | 62(74.7) | 21(25.3) | 1.88(0.74–4.79) | 0.187 | 1.72(0.70–4.24) | 0.239 |
| Stage 3 | 27(81.8) | 6(18.2) | 5.89(1.47–23.49) | 0.012 | 5.55(1.44–21.37) | 0.013 |
| Controlled BP | 46(60.5) | 30(39.5) | 1 | 0.86 | 1 | 0.094 |
Notes: Bold values: P value <0.05. *indicates linear by linear association. Variable(s) entered on step 1: sex, age, educational status, marital status, employment status, duration of HTN, attendance of health talk at the clinic, family members support, knowledge, classes of raised BP. Complication of HTN are serious, suffered serious HTN complication, high cost of medication were not incorporated in the models due to a number of considerations including presence of collinearity issues. Suffered serious HTN complications: stroke, myocardial infarction, peri-arterial disease.
Abbreviations: BP, blood pressure; HTN, hypertension; NGO, non-governmental organization; AOR, adjusted odds ratio; COR, crude odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; NE, not entered.