Table 2.

Supportive and limiting factors influencing different components of service delivery (N=46)

	Service delivery	Source of evidence: Author (year)
Comprehensiveness of care
Facilitators	Comprehensive multidisciplinary teams consisting of five or more different healthcare professionals in Western Cape province	Groenewald (2017)28; Rhoda (2015)27; Joseph (2012);29 Rouillard (2012)26; Leichtfuss (2009)33 Ras (2009)30; Wasserman (2009)25; Rhoda (2009)31; De la Cornillère (2007)32
Barriers	Limited/absent multidisciplinary team consisting of less than five different healthcare professionals	Cawood (2012)34; De Villiers (2011)35
Continuity of care*
Barriers	Poor referral pathways (community; hospital)	Masuku (2018)74; Mandizvidza (2017)38; Cawood & Visagie (2016)37; Joseph (2012); De la Cornillère (2007)32; Kleinheibst (2007)39
	Poor follow-up and referral postdischarge	Rhoda (2014)49; Rouillard (2012)26; Bham and Ross36; Scheffler and Mash (2019)2;
	Lack of reciprocal respect and understanding and coordination between traditional and medical healthcare professionals	Bham and Ross36
Timeliness of care*
Barriers	Long queues in hospitals, community health clinics and outpatient clinics	Cawood (2012)34; Mudzi (2013)53
	Long waiting times for follow-up appointments	Arowoiya (2014)52
	Long waiting times for inpatients to receive specialised health services	Matshikiza (2019)41; Mandizvidza (2017)38; Parekh and Rhoda51; Cawood (2012)34; Bryer (2009)45
	Doctor-led model of care	Cawood and Visagie40; Cawood (2012)34
	Poor collaboration between healthcare providers	Cawood (2012)34; Parekh (2011)
	Inadequate/no rehabilitation during hospital stays	Cunningham (2012)47; Hilton (2011)46; De Villiers (2009)48; Rhoda (2009)31
Quality of care
Facilitators	Prompt assessment by an allied health professional significantly decreases the length of stay	Viljoen (2014)42
Barriers	Lack of appropriate care due to lack of stroke-specific knowledge	Mandizvidza (2017)38; Leichfust (2009); Ras (2009)30
	Insufficient no of in-patient rehabilitation sessions	Groenewald and Rhoda28; Parekh (2011); Rhoda et al (2011)55; Rhoda (2009)31
	Short length of stay at all levels of care except for specialist rehabilitation facilities	Groenewald (2018)59; Mabunda (2015)58; Rhoda (2014)49; Viljoen (2014)42; Hilton (2011)46; Parekh (2011); Blackwell and Littlejohn56; Mudzi (2010)50; Ras (2009)30; Kleinhebst (2007); Felemengas (2004)57
Perceptions of care
Facilitators	Positive staff attitudes and care	Taylor and Ntusi64; Groenewald (2018)59; Kotsokoane (2018)61; Hossain (2016); Kusambiza-Kiingi (2016)62; Cawood and Visagie40; Bham and Ross36; Cawood (2012)34; Ntamo (2011)63; De la Cornillère (2007)32
Barriers	Negative staff attitudes and behaviour for example, impersonal care; inappropriate support; poor communication; lack of cultural sensitivity, rudeness and delayed assistance with patient’s personal hygiene	Smith (2019)68; Cawood and Visagie40; Makganye (2015)60; Posner (2015)67; Arowoiya (2014)52; Leichtfuss (2009)33; Thomas and Greenop66; Bham and Ross36; Biggs (2005)65
	Dissatisfaction with healthcare received	Arowoiya (2014)52; Cawood (2012)34; Bham and Ross36 Ntamo (2011)63; Kleineibst (2007)39
	Lack of caregiver training	Kusambiza-Kiingi (2017)72; Mashau et al (2016)69; Mudzi (2010)50; Kleineibst (2007)39; Rouilliard (2012); Felemengas (2004)57

*No supporting factors reported.