Table 1. Socio-demographics and characteristics of the study sample.
Number of healthcare workers: 208; number of participants from general population: 196
SD: standard deviation; PKR: Pakistani Rupee; *p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Statistical difference was measured between health care workers and general population group and calculated using chi-square and independent samples t test.
| Variables | Total, N (%) | Healthcare workers, N (%) | General population, N (%) | P-value |
| Mean age (years) ± SD | 30.73 ± 12.58 | 27.78 ± 11.19 | 33.86 ± 13.22 | <0.001* |
| Gender | 0.038* | |||
| Male | 195 (48.3) | 90 (46.2) | 105 (53.8) | |
| Female | 209 (51.7) | 118 (56.5) | 91 (43.5) | |
| Education | <0.001* | |||
| No formal education | 49 (12.1) | 0 (0.0) | 49 (100) | |
| Primary | 22 (5.4) | 0 (0.0) | 22 (100) | |
| Matric/ Intermediate | 34 (8.4) | 0 (0.0) | 34 (100) | |
| Graduate/ Postgraduate | 299 (74.0) | 208 (69.6) | 91 (30.4) | |
| Marital status | <0.001* | |||
| Married | 157 (38.9) | 59 (37.6) | 98 (62.4) | |
| Unmarried | 247 (61.1) | 149 (60.3) | 98 (39.7) | |
| Are you a parent? | <0.001* | |||
| Yes | 145 (35.9) | 53 (36.6) | 92 (63.4) | |
| No | 259 (64.1) | 155 (59.8) | 104 (40.2) | |
| Monthly family income (PKR) | 0.049* | |||
| <50,000 | 151 (37.4) | 67 (44.4) | 84 (55.6) | |
| 50,000-1,00,000 | 126 (31.2) | 66 (52.4) | 60 (47.6) | |
| >1,00,000 | 127 (31.4) | 75 (59.1) | 52 (40.9) | |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Diabetes | 54 (13.4) | 20 (37.0) | 34 (63.0) | 0.022* |
| Hypertension | 48 (11.9) | 18 (37.5) | 30 (62.5) | 0.039* |
| Malignancy (benign or malignant) | 6 (1.5) | 3 (50.0) | 3 (50.0) | 0.942 |
| Heart disease | 28 (6.9) | 14 (50.0) | 14 (50.0) | 0.871 |
| Asthma/chronic lung disease | 28 (6.9) | 10 (35.7) | 18 (64.3) | 0.083 |
| Kidney disease | 22 (5.4) | 13 (59.1) | 9 (40.9) | 0.463 |
| Neurological disease | 7 (1.7) | 5 (71.4) | 2 (28.6) | 0.287 |
| Autoimmune disease | 13 (3.2) | 7 (53.8) | 6 (46.2) | 0.863 |