Table 3.
Individual Items on Each Measure
| Variable | Male | Female | Total | F | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | ||||
|
| |||||
| Resistiveness to Care | |||||
|
| |||||
| Turn away | .01(.10) | .03(.18) | .03(.17) | 3.47 | .06 |
| Pull away | .02(.14) | .03(.17) | .03(.16) | .56 | .45 |
| Push away | .01(.10) | .03(.16) | .02(.15) | 2.13 | .15 |
| Push/pull | .01(.25) | .01(.11) | .01(.11) | .12 | .73 |
| Grab object | .01(.10) | .03(.18) | .03(.16) | 3.12 | .08 |
| Grab person | .01(.10) | .03(.14) | .02(.14) | 1.23 | .27 |
| Adduct | .01(.07) | .03(.17) | .02(.15) | 4.05 | .04 |
| Hit/kick | .07(.26) | .09(.29) | .08(.29) | .78 | .38 |
| Say no | .07(.25) | .09(.29) | .08(.28) | 1.06 | .30 |
| Cry | .02(14) | .04(.19) | .03(.18) | 1.79 | .18 |
| Threaten | .01(.06) | .01(.08) | .01(.08) | .35 | .56 |
| Scream/yell | .04(.19) | .05(.21) | .04(.21) | .45 | .50 |
| Clench mouth | .05(.22) | .04(.19) | .04(.20) | .15 | .70 |
| Cornell depression scale | |||||
|
| |||||
| Anxiety | .36(.61) | .55(.68) | .49(.67) | 13.75 | .001 |
| Sadness | .18(.43) | .34(.60) | .30(.56) | 14.14 | .001 |
| Lack of reactivity to pleasant events | .16(.44) | .22(.52) | .20(.50) | 2.44 | .12 |
| Irritability | .63(72) | .59(.71) | .60(.71) | .58 | .45 |
| Agitation | .45(.68) | .46(.68) | .45(.68) | .01 | .94 |
| Retardation | .24(.50) | .18(.46) | .20(.47) | 3.32 | .07 |
| Multiple physical complaints | .17(.45) | .28(.60) | .25(.54) | 7.02 | .01 |
| Loss of interest | .20(.52) | .20(.51) | .20(.51) | .01 | .91 |
| Appetite loss | .17(.42) | .23(.50) | .22(.48) | 3.50 | .06 |
| Weight loss | .07(.32) | .09(.32) | .08(.32) | .48 | .50 |
| Lack of energy | .27(.56) | .28(.55) | .28(.55) | .02 | .88 |
| Diurnal variation of mood | .20(.47) | .26(.54) | .24(.52) | 1.56 | .21 |
| Difficulty falling asleep | .09(.37) | .14(.43) | .12(.42) | 1.83 | .18 |
| Multiple awakenings during the night | .18(.49) | .20(.52) | .20(.51) | .30 | .58 |
| Early morning awakening | .14(.43) | .11(.36) | .12(.38) | 1.12 | .29 |
| Suicide | .00(.07) | .01(.14) | .01(.13) | .89 | .35 |
| Poor self esteem | .04(.22) | .06(.27) | .05(.26) | .70 | .40 |
| Pessimism | .06(27) | .10(.35) | .09(.33) | 2.09 | .15 |
| Mood congruent delusions | .09(.31) | .11(.38) | .11(.36) | .99 | .32 |
| Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory | |||||
|
| |||||
| Cursing or verbal aggression | 1.90(1.23) | 1.93(1.22) | 1.92(1.23) | .06 | .81 |
| Hitting | 1.52(.99) | 1.52(.99) | 1.52(.99) | .01 | .99 |
| Grabbing onto people, throwing things | 1.36(.90) | 1.36(.90) | 1.36(.90) | .01 | .96 |
| Other aggressive behavior | 1.27(.81) | 1.12(.53) | 1.16(.62) | 10.34 | .001 |
| Pace, aimless wandering | 1.62(1.25) | 1.66(1.25) | 1.65(1.25) | .17 | .68 |
| General restlessness | 1.42(1.06) | 1.45(1.08) | 1.44(1.07) | .07 | .80 |
| Inappropriate dress or disrobing | 1.25(.68) | 1.19(.63) | 1.21(.64) | .18 | .67 |
| Handling things inappropriately | 1.16(.60) | 1.18(.66) | 1.18(.64) | .18 | .67 |
| Constant request for attention or help | 1.51(1.13) | 1.70(1.38) | 1.65(1.68) | 3.48 | .06 |
| Repetitive sentences, calls, or words | 1.53(1.12) | 1.80(1.34) | 1.73(1.29) | 7.42 | .01 |
| Complaining, negativism, refusal to follow instructions | 1.74(1.18) | 1.72(1.18) | 1.73(1.18) | .036 | .85 |
| Strange noises (weird laughter or crying) | 1.18(.64) | 1.32(.90) | 1.28(.84) | 5.32 | .02 |
| Hiding or hoarding things | 1.19(.91) | 1.28(.86) | 1.28(.86) | 3.34 | .07 |
| Screaming | 1.46(.99) | 1.56(1.12) | 1.53(1.09 | 1.44 | .23 |