Table 1:
Sample characteristics
| Sample mean / % |
Standard deviation | |
|---|---|---|
| Time-variant characteristics | ||
| Age | 66.29 | 11.37 |
| TTD (imputed) | 16.32 | 6.16 |
| TTD (observed) | 7.16 | 5.01 |
| Income | ||
| Total income | $67,853 | $162.17 (S.E.)* |
| Missing | 6.70% | |
| Assets | ||
| Total assets | $483,137 | $856.45 (S.E.)* |
| Missing | 4.32% | |
| High blood pressure | ||
| Yes | 49.43% | - |
| Missing | 2.84% | - |
| Diabetes | ||
| Yes | 15.34% | - |
| Missing | 3.43% | - |
| Cancer | ||
| Yes | 9.87% | - |
| Missing | 2.76% | - |
| Lung disease | ||
| Yes | 7.34% | - |
| Missing | 4.54% | - |
| Heart disease | ||
| Yes | 16.51% | - |
| Missing | 2.45% | - |
| Stroke | ||
| Yes | 5.65% | - |
| Missing | 3.55% | - |
| Psychiatric problems | ||
| Yes | 13.12% | - |
| Missing | 6.71% | - |
| Arthritis | ||
| Yes | 49.31% | - |
| Missing | 4.76% | - |
| Having difficulties with ADLs | ||
| Yes | 11.12% | - |
| Missing | 3.21% | - |
| Self-reported health excellent | ||
| Yes | 42.25% | - |
| Missing | 4.68% | - |
| Time-invariant characteristics | ||
| Gender | ||
| Female | 60.25% | - |
| Male | 39.75% | - |
| Missing | 0.00% | |
| Race/ethnicity | ||
| Non-Latino White | 72.83% | - |
| Non-Latino Black | 15.89% | - |
| Latino White | 7.45% | - |
| Other race/ethnicity | 3.83% | - |
| Missing | 0.00% | - |
| Cohabitation status | ||
| Living with partner | 63.39% | - |
| Not living with partner | 34.27% | - |
| Missing | 2.34% | - |
| Education | ||
| Lower than high school level | 26.73% | - |
| High school level | 51.57% | - |
| Graduate level | 21.60% | - |
| Missing | 0.10% | |
| Region | ||
| Northeast region | 16.01% | - |
| Midwest region | 24.09% | - |
| South region | 40.49% | - |
| West region | 12.27% | - |
| Other region | 0.14% | - |
| Missing | 0.00% | - |
Notes: TTD denotes “time-to-death”. ADL denotes “activities of daily living”.
*
S.E. denotes standard error.
Variables “Total income” and “Total assets” are highly skewed, so standard error is a more appropriate measure of dispersion. The values are averaged over the pooled sample of 37,494 individuals and 226,545 person-wave observations.