Table 2:
Random-effects logistic regression analysis of determinants of planning at the end-of-life
| Independent variable (N= 33,172) |
Presence of the living will Odds Ratios (95% CI) |
P-value |
|---|---|---|
| Intercept | 0.010 (0.000 – 0.020) | <0.001*** |
| TTD | 0.725 (0.693 - 0.758) | <0.001*** |
| TTD^2 | 1.010 (1.008 - 1.012) | <0.001*** |
| Age | 1.853 (1.808 - 1.899) | <0.001*** |
| Age^2 | 0.987 (0.986 - 0.988) | <0.001*** |
| Gender (Ref: Male) | 3.410 (2.431 - 4.782) | <0.001*** |
| Race/ethnicity (Ref: Non-Latino White) | ||
| Non-Latino Black | 0.002(0.002 – 0.004) | <0.001*** |
| Latino White | 0.002 (0.001 – 0.005) | <0.001*** |
| Other | 0.004 (0.001 – 0.012) | <0.001*** |
| Living with partner | 0.452 (0.348 – 0.589) | <0.001*** |
| Linearized total income | 1.647 (1.469 – 1.847) | <0.001*** |
| Total assets | 1.003 (1.002 – 1.004) | <0.001*** |
| Education level (Ref: Lower than high school level) | ||
| High school level | 30.487 (19.330 - 48.083) | <0.001*** |
| Graduate level | 165.181 (103.276 - 264.191) | <0.001*** |
| High blood pressure | 1.199 (1.060 - 1.355) | 0.004** |
| Diabetes | 1.143 (0.966 - 1.353) | 0.119 |
| Cancer | 1.766 (1.458 - 2.139) | <0.001*** |
| Lung disease | 1.195 (1.013 - 1.409) | 0.034** |
| Heart disease | 0.902 (0.808 - 1.008) | 0.068* |
| Stroke | 1.071 (0.883 - 1.299) | 0.487 |
| Psychiatric problems | 1.094 (0.957 - 1.251) | 0.190 |
| Arthritis | 1.113 (0.988 - 1.254) | 0.078* |
| Number of difficulties with ADLs | 1.421 (1.320 - 1.530) | <0.001*** |
| Self-reported health excellent (Ref: Self-reported health is below excellent) | 0.945 (0.790- 1.129) | 0.532 |
| Region (Ref: North-east) | ||
| Midwest | 2.491 (1.541 - 4.027) | <0.001*** |
| South | 1.205 (0.780 - 1.861) | 0.400 |
| West | 4.545 (2.643 - 7.815) | <0.001*** |
| Other | 0.950 (.028 - 32.388) | 0.977 |
Notes: Presented results are from random effects logistic regression analysis. Results are presented as odds ratios. Odds ratio indicates percentage odds change for a unit increase in the observed variable, holding other variables constant.
*
P<0.1
**
P<0.05
***
P<0.001.
N denotes sample size. For categorical variables, the reference category is stated in the row label, otherwise the reference is the complementary category. Total income values and total asset values were divided by 100,000 to aid interpretation.