Table 6.
Risk factors for in-hospital mortality in the matched-cohort
| Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | p value | OR (95% CI) | p value | |
| Age | 1.06 (1.05–1.07) | < 0.001 | 1.19 (1.02–1.38) | 0.030 |
| Gender (female) | 0.85 (0.76–0.95) | 0.005 | 0.73 (0.63–0.83) | < 0.001 |
| BMI | 1.02 (1.01–1.03) | 0.003 | NS | |
|
Smoking behavior Never (ref.) Former smoker Current smoker |
1 1.19 (1.07–1.34) 0.83 (0.64–1.08) |
0.002 0.161 |
NS | |
|
Degree of dependency Mild (ref.) Moderate Severe |
1 2.47 (2.14–2.85) 3.03 (2.60–3.53) |
< 0.001 < 0.001 |
1 1.54 (1.29–1.84) 2 (1.65–2.42) |
< 0.001 < 0.001 |
| Arterial hypertension | 1.45 (1.26–1.67) | < 0.001 | NS | |
| Dyslipidemia | 1.04 (0.93–1.16) | 0.545 | ||
| Diabetes mellitus | 1.17 (1.04–1.30) | 0.008 | NS | |
| Ischaemic cardiopathy | 1.36 (1.20–1.54) | < 0.001 | NS | |
| Chronic heart failure | 2.14 (1.83–2.49) | < 0.001 | 1.21 (1.01–1.47) | 0.049 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 1.96 (1.66–2.33) | < 0.001 | NS | |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 1.41 (1.23–1.61) | < 0.001 | NS | |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 1.53 (1.30–1.81) | < 0.001 | NS | |
| Dementia | 2.26 (1.97–2.58) | < 0.001 | NS | |
| COPD | 1.46 (1.24–1.72) | < 0.001 | NS | |
| Chronic liver disease | 1.04 (0.79–1.36) | 0.780 | ||
| Severe chronic renal failure | 1.85 (1.58–2.17) | < 0.001 | NS | |
| Charlson index | 1.19 (1.16–1.22) | < 0.001 | 1.12 (1.08–1.16) | < 0.001 |
| Respiratory rate > 20 rpm | 3.65 (3.26–4.10) | < 0.001 | 2.49 (2.19–2.84) | < 0.001 |
| PaO2/FiO2 | 0.99 (0.99–0.99) | < 0.001 | 0.99 (0.99–0.99) | < 0.001 |
| Lymphocyte count × 106/L | 0.99 (0.99–0.99) | < 0.001 | 0.99 (0.99–0.99) | < 0.001 |
| CRP (mg/L) | 1.01 (1.01–1,01) | < 0.001 | 1.01 (1.01–1.01) | < 0.001 |
| LDH (U/L) | 1.01 (1.01–1,01) | < 0.001 | 1.01 (1.01–1.01) | < 0.001 |
| Ferritin (mcg/L) | 1.01 (1.01–1,01) | < 0.001 | 1.01 (1.01–1.01) | 0.001 |
| d-dimer (ng/mL) | 1.01 (1.01–1.01) | < 0.001 | NS | |
|
LMWH None (ref.) Prophylactic doses Intermediate doses Full doses |
1 0.48 (0.41–0.56) 0.57 (0.46–0.72) 0.79 (0.65–0.97) |
< 0.001< 0.001 0.025 |
1 0.44 (0.37–0.54) 0.41 (0.31–0.53) 0.52 (0.41–0.67) |
< 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 |
| Steroids | 1.46 (1.31–1.63) | < 0.001 | 1.22 (1.07–1.4) | 0.003 |
| Tocilizumab | 1.29 (1.06–1.56) | 0.009 | 1.71 (1.36–2.16) | < 0.001 |
| ASA | 1.01 (0.90–1.12) | 0.938 | 1.05 (0.92–1.19) | 0.476 |
BMI body mass index, NS not significant, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CRP C-reactive protein, LDH lactate dehydrogenase, LMWH low-molecular-weight heparin, ASA acetylsalicylic acid