A) Membrane-associated (vs soluble) TGFβR2, Smad2,
and MAPK proteins in MDA-SA cells treated with curcumin (30 μM, 4h
pre-treatment) and/or TGFβ (1h). B) TGFβR2 in
sodium/potassium ATPase-enriched plasma membrane (vs. intracellular)
actin-enriched fractions from curcumin-treated (30 μM, 4h) MDA-SA cells.
C) Early (4h) or D) late (16h) effects of curcumin
(30 uM) on TGFβR2, MAPK and/or Smad signaling in cells pre-treated for 1h
with a lipid raft disrupter (nystatin, 50 μg/mL [39]) and/or inhibitor of clathrin-dependent
endocytosis (Pitstop 2, 20 μM [60]). Note: A single blot is shown in D with intervening unrelated data
omitted. E) Effect of absent TGFβR2 cytoplasmic domain on
Smad and MAPK signaling proteins or F) PTHrP secretion (n=4/group)
in MDA-SA vs. MDA-TGFβR2Δcyt cells pre-treated with curcumin (30
μM) prior to TGFβ stimulation. * p < 0.05, **** p <
0.0001 vs control or as specified. N = nystatin, P = Pitstop 2, B = nystatin and
Pitstop 2