Table 1.
Generalized estimating equation models examining physical activity time as a predictor of EMA variables.
| Positive affect | Negative affect | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B | SE | Lower CI | Upper CI | Wald χ2 | p | B | SE | Lower CI | Upper CI | Wald χ2 | p | |
| Intercept | 0.98 | 0.10 | 0.79 | 1.18 | 96.19 | <0.001 | 0.54 | 0.12 | 0.31 | 0.77 | 21.49 | <0.001 |
| Gender | −0.21 | 0.10 | −0.42 | −0.01 | 4.36 | 0.037 | −0.13 | 0.12 | −0.36 | 0.11 | 1.14 | 0.286 |
| BMI | <0.01 | <0.01 | −0.01 | 0.01 | 0.13 | 0.717 | 0.01 | <0.01 | <−0.01 | 0.01 | 3.07 | 0.080 |
| Age | 0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.01 | 16.26 | <0.001 | −0.01 | <0.01 | −0.01 | <−0.01 | 4.68 | 0.031 |
| Physical activity (between) | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 8.69 | 0.003 | −0.01 | 0.01 | −0.02 | 0.01 | 0.94 | 0.331 |
| Physical activity (within) | <0.01 | <0.01 | <−0.01 | 0.01 | 0.23 | 0.635 | <−0.01 | <0.01 | −0.01 | <0.01 | 0.44 | 0.508 |
| Loss of control eating | Overeating | |||||||||||
| Intercept | 0.90 | 0.10 | 0.71 | 1.09 | 85.01 | <0.001 | 0.83 | 0.09 | 0.66 | 1.01 | 88.45 | <0.001 |
| Gender | 0.09 | 0.10 | −0.11 | 0.29 | 0.75 | 0.388 | 0.02 | 0.09 | −0.17 | 0.21 | 0.05 | 0.829 |
| BMI | 0.01 | <0.01 | <−0.01 | 0.01 | 1.96 | 0.162 | 0.01 | <0.01 | <−0.01 | 0.01 | 3.61 | 0.058 |
| Age | −0.01 | <0.01 | −0.01 | <−0.01 | 7.44 | 0.006 | −0.01 | <0.01 | −0.01 | <−0.01 | 6.73 | 0.009 |
| Physical activity (between) | −0.01 | 0.01 | −0.02 | 0.01 | 0.86 | 0.354 | −0.02 | 0.01 | −0.03 | <−0.01 | 6.25 | 0.012 |
| Physical activity (within) | <−0.01 | <0.01 | −0.01 | <0.01 | 0.90 | 0.342 | <−0.01 | <0.01 | −0.01 | <0.01 | 1.23 | 0.268 |
| Body satisfaction | Emotion regulation difficulties | |||||||||||
| Intercept | 0.27 | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.44 | 9.31 | 0.002 | 0.62 | 0.11 | 0.40 | 0.85 | 29.48 | <0.001 |
| Gender | 0.15 | 0.10 | −0.04 | 0.34 | 2.29 | 0.130 | −0.08 | 0.12 | −0.32 | 0.16 | 0.46 | 0.497 |
| BMI | −0.01 | <0.01 | −0.02 | <−0.01 | 7.12 | 0.008 | 0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.02 | 5.59 | 0.018 |
| Age | <−0.01 | <0.01 | −0.01 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.870 | −0.01 | <0.01 | −0.01 | <−0.01 | 8.42 | 0.004 |
| Physical activity (between) | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 8.25 | 0.004 | <−0.01 | 0.01 | −0.02 | 0.01 | 0.13 | 0.723 |
| Physical activity (within) | <−0.01 | <0.01 | −0.01 | 0.00 | 1.10 | 0.294 | <−0.01 | <0.01 | −0.01 | <0.01 | 0.72 | 0.396 |
| Craving | ||||||||||||
| Intercept | 0.81 | 0.07 | 0.67 | 0.95 | 130.32 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Gender | 0.02 | 0.08 | −0.13 | 0.18 | 0.09 | 0.766 | ||||||
| BMI | 0.01 | <0.01 | <−0.01 | 0.01 | 3.07 | 0.080 | ||||||
| Age | −0.01 | <0.01 | −0.01 | <−0.01 | 11.09 | 0.001 | ||||||
| Physical activity (between) | <−0.01 | 0.01 | −0.02 | 0.01 | 0.16 | 0.688 | ||||||
| Physical activity (within) | −0.01 | <0.01 | −0.01 | <0.01 | 3.56 | 0.059 | ||||||
EMA = ecological momentary assessment; CI = 95% confidence interval; between = between-subjects effect (grand-mean centered variable); within = within-subjects effect (person-mean centered variable. Gender was coded such that men were the reference category. Each dependent variable was aggregated within day to represent the daily mean of the variable.