Table 3.
Logistic regression for identifying the independent associations between multiple lifestyle behaviours and academic grades among inner urban and peri-urban high school students in Chongqing, China (n=1481)
| Total population (n=1481) | Inner urban high school students (n=678) | Peri-urban high school students (n=803) | ||||||||||
| Variables | Unadjusted | Adjusted* | Unadjusted | Adjusted† | Unadjusted | Adjusted† | ||||||
| OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Physical activity before or after school or on weekends | ||||||||||||
| ≥1 hour vs <1 hour |
0.77 (0.49 to 1.20) | 0.25 | 0.83 (0.51 to 1.36) | 0.46 | 1.00 (0.53 to 1.88) | 0.99 | 1.50 (0.72 to 3.15) | 0.28 | 0.51 (0.26. 1.01) | 0.05 | 0.57 (0.27 to 1.18) | 0.13 |
| Physical activity at school | ||||||||||||
| ≥1 hour vs <1 hour |
0.81 (0.62 to 1.06) | 0.12 | 0.84 (0.63 to 1.11) | 0.22 | 0.74 (0.49 to 1.09) | 0.13 | 0.77 (0.48 to 1.23) | 0.27 | 0.88 (0.62 to 1.25) | 0.46 | 0.98 (0.66 to 1.44) | 0.91 |
| Sleep duration on weekdays | ||||||||||||
| ≥8 hours vs <8 hours |
1.06 (0.75 to 1.49) | 0.74 | 1.01 (0.70 to 1.45) | 0.96 | 0.47 (0.24 to 0.94) | 0.03 | 0.46 (0.21 to 0.98) | 0.04 | 1.56 (1.04 to 2.35) | 0.03 | 1.41 (0.92 to 2.18) | 0.12 |
| Sleep duration on weekends | ||||||||||||
| ≥8 hours vs <8 hours |
1.43 (1.14 to 1.80) | 0.002 | 1.39 (1.10 to 1.77) | 0.01 | 1.35 (0.94 to 1.94) | 0.11 | 1.38 (0.93 to 2.05) | 0.11 | 1.42 (1.05 to 1.91) | 0.02 | 1.40 (1.02 to 1.93) | 0.04 |
| Screen time on weekdays | ||||||||||||
| <2 hours vs≥ 2 hours |
1.21 (0.93 to 1.58) | 0.16 | 1.20 (0.90 to 1.59) | 0.21 | 1.73 (1.20 to 2.51) | 0.004 | 1.57 (1.06 to 2.34) | 0.02 | 0.90 (0.61 to 1.35) | 0.63 | 0.89 (0.58 to 1.36) | 0.59 |
| Screen time on weekends | ||||||||||||
| <2 hours vs ≥2 hours |
0.89 (0.68 to 1.16) | 0.39 | 0.85 (0.64 to 1.59) | 0.21 | 1.41 (0.87 to 2.29) | 0.17 | 1.15 (0.68 to 1.96) | 0.60 | 0.74 (0.53 to 1.04) | 0.09 | 0.74 (0.51 to 1.08) | 0.12 |
| Sugar to sweetened beverages | ||||||||||||
| ≥5 times/ week vs <once /week |
0.74 (0.55 to 1.00) | 0.05 | 0.66 (0.48 to 0.92) | 0.02 | 0.46 (0.28 to 0.77) | 0.003 | 0.56 (0.32 to 0.99) | 0.049 | 0.93 (0.62 to 1.37) | 0.70 | 0.99 (0.64 to 1.55) | 0.98 |
| Three to 4 times/ week vs <once /week |
0.84 (0.62 to 1.14) | 0.27 | 0.74 (0.54 to 1.02) | 0.07 | 0.88 (0.52 to 1.50) | 0.64 | 1.06 (0.60 to 1.90) | 0.83 | 0.65 (0.44 to 0.97) | 0.03 | 0.63 (0.42 to 0.96) | 0.03 |
| 1–2 times/week vs <once a week |
0.81 (0.61 to 1.09) | 0.16 | 0.74 (0.54 to 1.00) | 0.05 | 0.64 (0.39 to 1.06) | 0.08 | 0.78 (0.45 to 1.33) | 0.36 | 0.79 (0.54 to 1.16) | 0.23 | 0.81 (0.54 to 1.21) | 0.30 |
| Breakfast | ||||||||||||
| ≥5 times/ week vs <5 times/ week |
1.27 (0.95 to 1.68) | 0.10 | 1.07 (0.79 to 1.45) | 0.65 | 1.40 (0.92 to 2.14) | 0.12 | 1.08 (0.67 to 1.77) | 0.75 | 1.17 (0.80 to 1.71) | 0.41 | 1.05 (0.70 to 1.59) | 0.81 |
| Lunch | ||||||||||||
| ≥5 times/ week vs <5 times/ week |
1.34 (0.78 to 2.30) | 0.29 | 1.00 (0.56 to 1.79) | 1.00 | 0.85 (0.26 to 2.75) | 0.79 | 0.59 (0.17 to 2.08) | 0.41 | 1.40 (0.75 to 2.60) | 0.29 | 1.16 (0.58 to 2.32) | 0.68 |
| Dinner | ||||||||||||
| ≥5 times/ week vs <5 times/ week |
1.42 (1.10 to 1.83) | 0.01 | 1.47 (1.11 to 1.95) | 0.01 | 1.49 (1.02 to 2.16) | 0.04 | 1.48 (0.98 to 2.24) | 0.06 | 1.42 (1.00 to 2.02) | 0.05 | 1.55 (1.01 to 2.37) | 0.04 |
| Vegetables | ||||||||||||
| ≥Once a day vs < once a day |
0.88 (0.68 to 1.14) | 0.34 | 0.84 (0.63 to 1.12) | 0.23 | 1.09 (0.75 to 1.60) | 0.65 | 0.88 (0.57 to 1.35) | 0.56 | 0.75 (0.52 to 1.08) | 0.13 | 0.74 (0.49 to 1.10) | 0.14 |
| Fruit | ||||||||||||
| ≥Once a day vs <once a day |
1.17 (0.95 to 1.46) | 0.15 | 1.19 (0.92 to 1.53) | 0.19 | 1.46 (1.05 to 2.02) | 0.02 | 1.67 (1.11 to 2.50) | 0.01 | 0.92 (0.69 to 1.23) | 0.57 | 0.94 (0.67 to 1.33) | 0.74 |
| Milk and milk alternatives | ||||||||||||
| ≥Once a day vs <once a day |
1.31 (1.06 to 1.63) | 0.01 | 1.22 (0.95 to 1.56) | 0.12 | 1.50 (1.08 to 2.07) | 0.01 | 1.19 (0.82 to 1.74) | 0.35 | 1.01 (0.74 to 1.37) | 0.97 | 1.01 (0.70 to 1.45) | 0.97 |
| Meeting water consumption recommendation | ||||||||||||
| Yes vs no |
1.17 (0.89 to 1.55) | 0.26 | 1.20 (0.90 to 1.60) | 0.21 | 1.48 (0.96 to 2.27) | 0.07 | 1.42 (0.90 to 2.26) | 0.14 | 0.96 (0.66 to 1.39) | 0.82 | 1.05 (0.71 to 1.55) | 0.82 |
| Meeting egg consumption recommendation | ||||||||||||
| Yes vs no |
1.29 (1.00 to 1.67) | 0.05 | 1.22 (0.93 to 1.61) | 0.15 | 1.59 (1.07 to 2.35) | 0.02 | 1.60 (1.04 to 2.47) | 0.03 | 1.06 (0.75 to 1.49) | 0.76 | 1.03 (0.71 to 1.49) | 0.87 |
Results in bold are statistically significant (p<0.05).
*Adjusted for school area, age, gender, residence, only-child status in the family, boarding school, average monthly living expenses, parental education level and all lifestyle behaviours.
†Adjusted for age, gender, residence, only-child status in the family, boarding school, average monthly living expenses, parental education level and all lifestyle behaviours.