Table 4.

Logistic regression for identifying the combined associations between multiple lifestyle behaviours and academic grades

	Total population (n=1481)				Inner urban high school students (n=678)				Peri-urban high school students (n=803)
Variables	Unadjusted		Adjusted*		Unadjusted		Adjusted†		Unadjusted		Adjusted†
	OR (95% CI)	P value	OR (95% CI)	P value	OR (95% CI)	P value	OR (95% CI)	P value	OR (95% CI)	P value	OR (95% CI)	P value
Multiple healthy lifestyle behaviours‡	1.11 (1.04 to 1.17)	0.001	1.12 (1.05 to 1.19)	<0.001	1.22 (1.11 to 1.33)	<0.001	1.23 (1.11 to 1.35)	<0.001	1.03 (0.96 to 1.11)	0.42	1.03 (0.95 to 1.12)	0.45
Categories of multiple healthy lifestyle behaviours
Low (1–  6)	Ref		Ref		Ref		Ref		Ref		Ref
Medium  (7–8)	1.22 (0.97 to 1.55)	0.09	1.26 (0.99 to 1.61)	0.06	1.54 (1.08 to 2.21)	0.02	1.54 (1.06 to 2.24)	0.02	1.02 (0.74 to 1.40)	0.90	1.00 (0.72 to 1.39)	1.00
High (9–  13)	1.60 (1.20 to 2.15)	0.002	1.74 (1.28 to 2.37)	<0.001	3.05 (1.88 to 4.95)	<0.001	3.25 (1.96 to 5.40)	<0.001	1.02 (0.69 to 1.49)	0.94	1.03 (0.68 to 1.54)	0.68

Results in bold are statistically significant (p<0.05).

*Adjusted for school areas, age, gender, residence, only-child status, boarding school, average monthly living expenses, parental education level.

†Adjusted for age, gender, residence, only-child status, boarding school, average monthly living expenses, parental education level.

‡Includes physical activity before or after school or on weekends, physical activity at school, sleep duration on weekdays and weekends, screen time on weekdays and weekends, the consumption frequency of SSBs, breakfast, lunch, dinner, vegetables, fruit, milk and milk alternatives, and the quantity of water and egg consumption.

SSBs, sugar-sweetened beverages.