Table 3.
Associations of prenatal CO exposure with birth outcomes
| Overall Adjusted Modela | Stratified by Placental Malaria Status | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coefficient per 1ppm CO | 95% CI | Placental Malaria Status | Coefficient per 1ppm CO | 95% CI | N | |
| Birth Weight (g) | -38.7 | (−66.2, −11.1) | Negative | -53.4 | (−84.8, −21.9) | 1147 |
| Positive | 8.0 | (−47.8, 63.9) | ||||
| Birth Length (cm) | -0.3 | (−0.5, −0.02) | Negative | -0.3 | (−0.6, −0.1) | 1135 |
| Positive | 0.04 | (−0.4, 0.5) | ||||
| Head Circumference (cm) | -0.05 | (−0.2, 0.1) | Negative | -0.1 | (−0.3, 0.1) | 1124 |
| Positive | 0.05 | (−0.3, 0.4) | ||||
| Gestational age (days) | -0.5 | (−1.3, 0.2) | Negative | -1.0 | (−1.8, −0.2) | 1136 |
| Positive | 1.0 | (−0.4, 2.4) | ||||
| Weight-for-age Z score (standard deviations) | -0.07 | (−0.1, −0.01) | Negative | -0.08 | (−0.16, −0.01) | 1123 |
| Positive | -0.04 | (−0.17, 0.09) | ||||
| Odds ratio (OR) per 1ppm CO | 95% CI | Placental Malaria Status | OR per 1ppm CO | 95% CI | N | |
| Low Birth Weight | 1.14 | (0.97, 1.33) | Negative | 1.16 | (0.96, 1.41) | 1147 |
| Positive | 1.08 | (0.80, 1.46) | ||||
| Small for Gestational Age | 1.14 | (0.98, 1.32) | Negative | 1.09 | (0.91, 1.30) | 1134 |
| Positive | 1.28 | (0.97, 1.68) | ||||
| Preterm Birth | 0.92 | (0.71, 1.2) | Negative | 1.13 | (0.77, 1.66) | 1149 |
| Positive | 0.52 | (0.23, 1.20) | ||||
a
Covariates included in adjusted models: maternal BMI, maternal age, parity, infant sex, ANC visits, ethnicity, asset index, and placental malaria.