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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Sep 28.
Published in final edited form as: ACS Nano. 2021 Sep 7;15(9):14316–14322. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.1c03158

Figure 1. Covalent functionalization of DNA-VLPs.

Figure 1.

DNA-VLPs are designed using the top-down sequence design algorithm DAEDALUS,17 assembled with quantitative folding protocols, and covalently functionalized using SPAAC. A strained alkyne (DBCO) is installed onto staple strands, and is reacted with an azide-functionalized conjugate after assembly of nanostructures. The reaction conversion is analyzed via a liquid chromatography method, and the resulting DNA-VLPs are analyzed via standard structural characterization.