Table 3.

Risk of bias judgments by ROBINS-I domains

	ROBINS-I domains
Author	Year	Bias due to confounding	Bias in selection of participants	Bias in classification of intervention	Bias due to deviations from intended interventions	Bias due to missing data	Bias in measurement of outcomes	Bias in the selection of reported results	Overall
Acak et al.	2020	NI	NI	Low risk	NI	Low risk	Low risk	NI	NI
Aminian et al.	2013	NI	NI	Low risk	NI	NI	Low risk	NI	NI
Chen et al.	2010	NI	NI	Low risk	NI	NI	Low risk	NI	NI
Han et al.	2019	NI	NI	Low risk	NI	NI	Low risk	NI	NI
Jiang et al.	2021	NI	NI	Low risk	NI	NI	Low risk	NI	NI
Kido et al.	2014	NI	NI	Low risk	NI	NI	Low risk	NI	NI
Miller et al.	1996	NI	NI	Low risk	NI	NI	Low risk	NI	NI
Murley et al.	2010	NI	NI	Low risk	NI	NI	Low risk	NI	NI
Park et al.	2017	NI	NI	Low risk	NI	NI	Low risk	NI	NI
Peng et al.	2020	NI	NI	Low risk	NI	NI	Low risk	NI	NI
Tang et al.	2015	NI	NI	Low risk	NI	Low risk	Low risk	NI	NI

NI: no information