Table 4.

Tools included in the scoping review assessing the concepts and dimensions related to patient engagement in care (2014–2021)

Author and year of publication Name of the scale	Perspective and preferences in or experience with care measured	Patient involvement in tool development	Patient involvement in tool validation	Concepts assessed
Berg et al. (2020) 24	Patients' perspective, experience of engagement	No	Yes	Patient‐centredness, shared decision‐making
Patient Participation Questionnaire
Casu et al. (2019) 25	Patients' perspective, experience of engagement	Not reported	Not reported	Patient‐centredness, shared decision‐making
Patient–Professional Interaction Questionnaire
Cramm and Nieboer (2018) 26	Patients' perspective, experience of engagement	Yes	No	Patient‐centredness, shared decision‐making
36‐Item patient‐centred primary care instrument
Fridberg et al. (2020) 27	Patients' perspective, Experience of engagement	No	Yes	Patient‐centredness, shared decision‐making, empowerment
Generic Person‐Centred Care Questionnaire
Greene et al. (2017) 28	Health professionals' perspective, experience of engagement	Not reported	Not reported	Patient‐centredness, empowerment
No name
Gremigni et al. (2016) 29	Health professionals' perspective, experience of engagement	No	No	Patient‐centredness, shared decision‐making
Provider–Patient Relationship Questionnaire
Huang et al. (2018) 30	Health professionals' perspective, experience of engagement	No	No	Patient‐centredness, shared decision‐making, empowerment
Five‐Dimension Patient‐Centred Innovation Questionnaire
Jerofke and Weiss (2016) 31	Patients' perspective, experience of engagement	No	Yes	Patient‐centredness, shared decision‐making
Patient Perceptions of Patient‐Empowering Nurse Behaviours Scale
Lindhal et al. (2015) 23	Family members' perspective, experience of engagement	Not reported	Not reported	Patient‐centredness
Person‐Centred Climate Questionnaire‐Family Version
Malfait et al. (2016) 32	Health professionals' perspective, both experience and preferences for engagement	No	Yes	Shared decision‐making
Patient Participation Culture Tool for Healthcare Workers
Riegel et al. (2018) 33	Patients' perspective, experience of engagement	No	No	Empowerment
Self‐care of chronic illness inventory (SC‐CII or Sky)
Stichler and Pelletier (2020) 34	Patients' perspective, experience of engagement	Yes	No	Shared decision‐making, empowerment
Patient Empowerment, Engagement, and Activation Survey
Wang et al. (2019) 35	Patients' perspective, experience of engagement	No	No	Shared decision‐making, empowerment
Inpatients' Involvement in Medication Safety Scale
Wu et al. (2020) 36	Patients' perspective, experience of engagement	No	Yes	Patient‐centredness, shared decision‐making, empowerment
Patient Engagement in Health Care Questionnaire
Yen et al. (2020) 37	Patients and family members' perspective, preferences for engagement	Yes	No	Patient‐centredness, shared decision‐making, empowerment
WeCares
Zachariae et al. (2015) 38	Health professionals' perspective, experience of engagement	No	No	Patient‐centredness, shared decision‐making
Student and physician self‐efficacy in patient‐centredness