Table 5.

Characteristics of the tools included in the scoping review, including context of utilisation, number of items, scale measurement and index of reliability

Authors, year and name of the scale	Journal	Context of utilisation	Number of items	Scale measurement	Index of reliability
Berg et al. (2020) 24	European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing	Any ward within the departments of cardiology, thoracic surgery and heart and lung transplantation	16 Items	4‐Point numeric rating scales	Cronbach's α = .89
Patient Participation Questionnaire
Casu et al. (2019) 25	Patient Education & Counseling	Hospital settings	16 Items	5‐Point scale	Cronbach's α = .95
Patient–Professional Interaction Questionnaire
Cramm et al. (2018) 26	BMC Family Practice	Primary care setting (patients with multimorbidity)	36 Items	5‐Point scale	Cronbach's α = .89
36‐Item patient‐centred primary care instrument
Fridberg et al. (2020) 27	BMC Health Services Research	In‐ and outpatient care units	18 Items	4‐Point rating scale	Person separation index = 0.85
Generic Person‐Centred Care Questionnaire
Greene et al. (2017) 28	Healthcare	Primary care—Fairview Health Services	9 Items	1–5 Scale	Cronbach's α = .73
No name
Gremigni et al. (2016) 29	Patient Education & Counseling	Hospital settings	16 Items	5‐Point scale	Cronbach's α = .90
Provider–Patient Relationship Questionnaire
Huang et al. (2018) 30	Journal of Nursing Management	Hospital settings—clinical services	55 Items	5‐Point Likert scale	Cronbach's α = .94
Five‐Dimension Patient‐Centred Innovation Questionnaire
Jerofke et al. (2016) 31	Journal of Advanced Nursing	Clinical settings	42 Items (22 Items in short form)	11‐Point Likert scale	Cronbach's α = .98 (long from), .97 (short form)
Patient Perceptions of Patient‐Empowering Nurse Behaviours Scale
Lindhal et al. (2015) 23	Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences	Emergency department	17 Items	6‐Point Likert‐type scale	Cronbach's α = .93
Person‐Centred Climate Questionnaire‐Family Version
Malfait et al. (2016) 32	International Journal of Nursing Studies	General and university hospital wards	52 Items	4‐Point Likert scale	Cronbach's α = .92
Patient Participation Culture Tool for Healthcare Workers
Riegel et al. (2018) 33	Journal of Advanced Nursing	Inpatient and outpatient settings (patients with chronic illness)	20 Items	5‐Point ordinal response scale	Reliability index for multidimensional scales = 0.71
Self‐care of chronic illness inventory
Stichler et al. (2020) 34	Journal of Nursing Care Quality	Acute care and specialty hospitals (behavioural health and women and newborns)	21 Items	5‐Point Likert‐like response set	Cronbach's α = .88
Patient Empowerment, Engagement, and Activation Survey
Wang et al. (2019) 35	Journal of Nursing Management	Inpatients from a tertiary hospital—clinical nursing	23 Items	Not reported (only for content validity: Likert 5‐grade score)	Cronbach's α = .916
Inpatients' Involvement in Medication Safety Scale
Wu et al. (2020) 36	Journal of Nursing Care Quality	General hospitals	33 Items	5‐Point Likert scale	Cronbach's α = .928
Patient Engagement in Health Care Questionnaire
Yen et al. (2020) 37	Joint Commission Journal on Quality & Patient Safety	Intensive care units	13 Items	4‐Point Likert scale and 5‐point Likert scale	Cronbach α for each subscale = .7116–.866
WeCares
Zachariae et al. (2015) 38	BMC Medical Education	Medical school and hospitals	27 Items	5‐Point Likert scale	Cronbach's α = .92 and .94 for medical students (different sample); .95 for physicians
Student and physician self‐efficacy in patient‐centredness