Table 1.
Comparative table between participants with normal magnesium status and participants with plasmatic magnesium deficiency in a population with T2DM, in the National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology of Tunis in Tunisia (n = 101).
| Participants with Normal Magnesium Status (n = 88) (87.1%) | Participants with Plasmatic Magnesium Deficiency (n = 13) (12.9%) | n = 101 (%) | p-Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic and Baseline Characteristics | |||||
| Age, years (mean, SD, range) | 56.3 ± 8.2 (39–76) | 54.4 ± 5.8 (45–66) | 56 ± 7.9 (39–76) | 0.421 | |
| Sex (n, %) | Male | 36 (40.9) | 2 (15.4) | 38 (37.7) | 0.067 |
| Female | 52 (59.1) | 11 (84.6) | 63 (62.4) | 0.067 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) (mean, SD, range) Menopause (n, %) | 30 ± 4.6 (19.6–45.7) 36/52 (69.2) |
29 ± 2.9 (23.5–33.6) 9/11 (81.8) |
29.9 ± 4.5 (19.6–45.7) 45/63 (71.4) |
0.483 0.132 |
|
| Diabetes duration, years (mean, SD, range) | 7.11 ± 5.6 (1–25) | 7.62 ± 3.9 (1–15) | 7.18 ± 5.4 (1–25) | 0.757 | |
| =<10 (n, %) | 72 (81.8) | 11 (84.6) | 83 (82.2) | 0.581 | |
| (11–20) (n, %) | 14 (15.9) | 2 (15.4) | 16 (15.8) | 0.662 | |
| >20 (n, %) | 2 (2.3) | 0 | 2 (2) | 0.758 | |
| Microvascular complications (n, %) | Diabetic retinopathy | 22 (26.8) | 5 (38.5) | 27 (26.7) | 0.289 |
| Diabetic neuropathy | 16 (21.6) | 5 (38.5) | 21 (20.8) | 0.129 | |
| Diabetic nephropathy | 12 (14.8) | 2 (15.4) | 14 (13.7) | 0.615 | |
| Macrovascular complications (n, %) | Coronary heart disease | 9 (10.2) | 1 (7.7) | 10 (9.9) | 0.636 |
| Cerebrovascular disease * | 6 (6.8) | 2 (15.4) | 8 (7.9) | 0.261 | |
| Peripheral artery disease | 0 (0) | 5 (38.5) | 5 (4.9) | <0.001 | |
|
Plasmatic magnesium level (mmol/L)(mean, SD, range) 24 h urinary magnesium excretion (mg/24 h)(mean, SD, range) Magnesium intake ** (mg/24 h) (mean, SD, range) |
0.8 ± 0.1 (0.68–1.1) 93 ± 54.5 (4.8–486.2) 324.5 ± 111.8 (167–625) |
0.6 ± 0.3 (0.5–0.6) 56.4 ± 38 (8.6–136) 274.7 ± 105.8 (148–367) |
0.8 ± 0.1 (0.5–1.1) 87.8 ± 53.8 (4.8–486.2) 320.4 ± 111.2 (148–625) |
<0.001 0.02 0.397 |
|
| Fasting blood glucose (mmo/L) (mean, SD, range) | 9.8 ± 3.2 (4.3–19) | 11.2 ± 2.9 (6.4–15.4) | 10 ± 3.2 (4.3–19) | 0.145 | |
| HbA1c (%) (mean, SD, range) | 8.3 ± 1.9 (5.5–13.6) | 10 ± 1.3 (8.3–12.6) | 8.5 ± 1.9 (5.5–13.6) | 0.03 | |
| HbA1c > 7% | 47 (53.4) | 13 (100) | 60 (59.4) | 0.001 | |
| Clearance creatinine *** (>60 mmo/L) (mean, SD, range) |
99.8 ± 12.7 (61–140) | 101.2 ± 12 (70–121) | 99.9 ± 12.5 (61–140) | 0.698 | |
| Total cholesterol (normal range < 5.2 mmol/L (mean, SD, range) |
4.5 ± 0.9 (2.2–7) | 4.3 ± 0.8 (3.4–6.5) | 4.50 ± 0.9 (2.24–7.08) | 0.565 | |
| HDL-c (normal range > 1 mmol/L (M) and >1.3 mmol/L (F)) (mean, SD, range) | 1.1 ± 0.3 (0.5–1.8) | 1.2 ± 0.2 (1–1.6) | 1.16 ± 0.8 (0.51–1.80) | 0.325 | |
| LDL-c **** (normal range < 2.6 mmol/L) (mean, SD, range) |
1 ± 0.3 (0.3–2) | 0.9 ± 0.3 (0.5–1.6) | 1.02 ± 0.3 (0.35–2.03) | 0.242 | |
| Triglycerides (normal range < 1.7 mmol/L) (mean, SD, range) |
1.5 ± 0.8 (0.5–5.9) | 1.5 ± 0.7 (0.8–3.3) | 1.49 ± 0.8 (0.47–5.89) | 0.828 | |
Bold: significant difference (p < 0.05). Abbreviations (alphabetic order): HbA1c: glycated haemoglobin; HDL-c: HDL cholesterol; LDL-c: LDL cholesterol; SD: standard derivation. * Cerebrovascular diseases are defined as acute cerebral stroke and transient ischemic attack; ** we considered a normal daily magnesium intake mean as 420 mg/24 h (M) and 360 mg/24 h (F) according to AFSSA 2001 recommendations; *** we used using the CKD-EPI creatinine equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate (GFR), as per the National Kidney Foundation recommendation; **** we used Friedewald’s formula for the estimation of LDL-C concentration: LDL-c (mmol/L) = Total cholesterol − HDL-c − Triglycerides/2.2.