Table 5.
Mood before and during COVID-19 according to sex.
| Mood | Before COVID-19 | First Lockdown | Summer 2020 | Second Lockdown | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Men | Women | Men | Women | Men | Women | Men | Women |
| Stress | 4.7 (2.3) | 5.2 (2.1) | 5.0 (2.6) | 5.8 (2.6) a | 3.5 (2.2) b | 3.8 (2.6) a,b | 5.5 (2.6) a,c | 6.3 (2.4) a,b,c |
| Anxiety | 2.1 (2.6) | 2.6 (2.6) | 2.9 (2.8) a | 4.1 (3.0) *,a | 2.2 (2.3) | 2.9 (2.6) b | 2.8 (3.0) | 4.0 (3.2) a,c |
| Depression | 2.1 (2.7) | 2.1 (2.5) | 2.8 (2.9) | 2.9 (2.9) a | 2.0 (2.5) | 1.9 (2.5) b | 3.6 (3.1) a,c | 3.6 (3.1) a,b,c |
| Fatigue | 3.5 (2.7) | 4.4 (2.5) | 3.4 (2.5) | 4.6 (2.7) * | 2.7 (2.2) | 3.3 (2.7) a,b | 4.7 (3.0) a,b,c | 5.8 (2.5) a,b,c |
| Lonely | 1.6 (2.0) | 1.8 (2.1) | 3.4 (2.9) a | 3.8 (2.9) a | 2.1 (2.4) b | 2.3 (2.5) b | 4.3 (3.2) a,c | 4.4 (3.2) a,c |
| Optimistic | 6.9 (2.2) | 7.1 (1.8) | 6.0 (2.2) a | 5.8 (2.1) a | 6.5 (2.1) | 6.8 (1.7) b | 5.4 (2.4) a,c | 5.4 (2.0) a,b,c |
| Happy | 6.6 (2.1) | 7.2 (1.7) | 5.7 (2.0) a | 5.8 (2.0) a | 6.6 (2.2) a | 7.3 (1.6) b | 5.1 (2.2) a,c | 5.5 (1.9) a,c |
Mean and standard deviation (SD) are shown. Significant sex differences (p < 0.007, after Bonferroni’s correction for multiple comparisons) are indicated by *. Other significant differences (adjusted p-values < 0.05, applying a Bonferroni’s correction for multiple comparisons) are indicated as follows: a = significantly different from ‘before COVID-19’, b = significant difference from the ‘first lockdown’, c = significant difference from ‘summer 2020’.