Table 7.

Mood before and during COVID-19 according to ethnicity.

Variable	Ethnicity	Before COVID-19	First Lockdown	Summer 2020	Second Lockdown
Stress	Dutch	4.9 (2.1)	5.3 (2.5)	3.5 (2.3) a,b	6.0 (2.4) a,b,c
	Western	5.6 (2.0)	6.4 (2.5)	4.3 (2.9) b	6.9 (2.4) a,c
	Non-Western	5.1 (2.5)	5.9 (3.0) a	4.0 (2.7) b	6.0 (2.5) a,c
Anxiety	Dutch	2.2 (2.5)	3.3 (2.8) a	2.3 (2.3) b	3.1 (2.9) a,c
	Western	3.9 (2.6) *	5.4 (2.9) *,a	4.2 (2.5) *,b	6.0 (3.3) *,a,c
	Non-Western	2.6 (2.7)	4.3 (3.3) a	3.2 (2.9) b	4.0 (3.2) †,a
Depression	Dutch	1.8 (2.5)	2.4 (2.8) a	1.8 (2.4) b	3.1 (3.0) a,b,c
	Western	2.5 (2.4)	3.4 (2.4)	2.0 (2.3)	4.6 (3.3) a,c
	Non-Western	2.7 (2.7) *	3.8 (3.2) *,a	2.5 (2.8) b	4.5 (3.1) *,a,c
Fatigue	Dutch	3.9 (2.5)	4.0 (2.5)	2.9 (2.5) a,b	5.2 (2.6) a,b,c
	Western	4.6 (2.6)	4.7 (2.8)	3.2 (2.6)	6.3 (2.6) c
	Non-Western	4.7 (2.7)	5.1 (3.1) *	3.9 (2.8) b	6.2 (2.7) *,a,c
Lonely	Dutch	1.4 (1.8)	3.5 (2.8) a	2.2 (2.3) a,b	4.1 (3.1) a,c
	Western	2.4 (2.2) *	4.3 (3.1) a	2.5 (2.8)	5.5 (3.3) a,c
	Non-Western	2.3 (2.5) *	4.0 (3.2) a	2.3 (2.8) b	4.7 (3.2) a,c
Optimistic	Dutch	7.4 (1.7)	6.2 (2.0) a	6.9 (1.8) b	5.5 (1.9) a,b,c
	Western	6.5 (2.2)	5.3 (2.0) *,a	6.5 (1.9)	4.9 (2.6) a,c
	Non-Western	6.5 (2.2) *	5.3 (2.4) *,a	6.4 (1.8)	5.3 (2.2) a,c
Happy	Dutch	7.4 (1.6)	6.2 (1.8) a	7.3 (1.6) b	5.7 (1.8) a,b,c
	Western	6.4 (2.1) *	4.9 (1.7) *,a	6.5 (2.0) b	4.6 (2.6) a,c
	Non-Western	6.5 (2.1) *	5.1 (2.2) *,a	6.8 (2.1) b	5.0 (2.0) *,a,c

Mean (SD) are shown. Significant differences (adjusted p values < 0.05, after Bonferroni’s correction) are indicated as follows: * = significantly different from Dutch participants, ^† = significant difference between Western and non-Western migration background. Other differences (adjusted p-values < 0.05, applying a Bonferroni’s correction) are indicated as follows: ^a = significantly different from ‘before COVID-19’, ^b = significant difference from the ‘first lockdown’, ^c = significant difference from ‘summer 2020’.