Table 8.

Academic functioning during the COVID-19 pandemic according to ethnicity.

Academic Functioning	Dutch	Western Migration Background	Non-Western Migration Background
Quality	0.0 (1.9)	−0.7 (2.0)	0.2 (2.3)
Time	0.7 (2.3) *	1.0 (2.2)	0.7 (2.8)
Grades/Output	0.4 (1.8)	0.1 (2.0)	0.6 (2.6)
Knowledge	0.1 (2.1)	0.5 (2.0)	0.3 (2.9)
Reading	0.4 (1.8)	1.2 (2.2)	0.0 (2.4)
Writing	0.3 (1.7)	1.0 (1.6)	0.3 (2.2)
Contact with teachers	−2.2 (2.0) *	−1.0 (2.0)	−1.9 (2.6) *
Interactions with students	−3.2 (1.9) *	−2.3 (2.3) *	−2.8 (2.4) *
Balance study-private life	−1.6 (2.4) *	−1.6 (3.1)	−1.4 (2.6) *
Role satisfaction	−0.6 (2.2) *	−1.0 (2.5)	−0.4 (2.6)

Mean (SD) are shown. Significant changes relative to ‘before COVID-19’ (p < 0.005, after Bonferroni’s correction for multiple comparisons) are indicated by *. No significant differences were found between the groups.