Table 1.
Crude rate case detection (SINAN and SISPCE) and crude rate hospital admissions for schistosomiasis (per 100,000 inhabitants) according to sociodemographic variables in the northeast region, Brazil, 2001–2017.
| Variable | SISPCE + SINAN | SIH | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | Crude Rate (95%CI) | RR (95%CI) | p-Value | n (%) | Crude Rate (95%CI) | RR (95%CI) | p-Value | |
| Total | 1,040,983 (100.0) | 112.95 (112.10–113.80) | 6030 (100.0) | 0.65 (0.59–0.72) | - | |||
| State of residence | ||||||||
| Maranhão | 71,275 (6.8) | 62.48 (60.60–64.37) | 1.00 | 117 (1.9) | 0.10 (0.03–0.18) | 1.00 | ||
| Piauí | 35 (0.0) | 0.06 (0.00–0.15) | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | <0.0001 | 14 (0.2) | 0.03 (0.00–0.09) | 0.30 (0.04–2.44) | 0.2605 |
| Ceará | 4,680 (0.4) | 3.19 (2.80–3.57) | 0.05 (0.00–0.06) | <0.0001 | 170 (2.8) | 0.12 (0.04–0.19) | 1.11 (0.42–2.92) | 0.8299 |
| Rio Grande do Norte | 22,154 (2.1) | 40.22 (38.00–42.40) | 0.64 (0.60–0.69) | <0.0001 | 67 (1.1) | 0.12 (0.00–0.24) | 1.18 (0.35–4.04) | 0.7880 |
| Paraíba | 61,902 (5.9) | 94.80 (91.70–97.88) | 1.52 (1.50–1.59) | <0.0001 | 302 (5.0) | 0.47 (0.25–0.69) | 4.49 (1.88–10.76) | 0.0007 |
| Pernambuco | 148,575 (14.3) | 97.10 (95.10–99.14) | 1.55 (1.50–1.61) | <0.0001 | 2508 (41.6) | 1.64 (1.38–1.91) | 15.76 (7.39–33.64) | <0.0001 |
| Alagoas | 267,328 (25.7) | 492.06 (484.40–499.70) | 7.84 (7.60–8.11) | <0.0001 | 937 (15.5) | 1.72 (1.27–2.18) | 16.5 (7.51–36.23) | <0.0001 |
| Sergipe | 136,247 (13.1) | 380.17 (371.90–388.50) | 6.07 (5.80–6.30) | <0.0001 | 282 (4.7) | 0.81 (0.42–1.19) | 7.73 (3.21–18.64) | <0.0001 |
| Bahia | 328,787 (31.6) | 135.22 (133.30–137.10) | 2.16 (2.10–2.24) | <0.0001 | 1633 (27.1) | 0.67 (0.54–0.81) | 6.43 (2.99–13.86) | <0.0001 |
| Residence in the capital | ||||||||
| No | 1,005,388 (96.6) | 139.34 (138.20–140.50) | 7.82 (7.50–8.17) | <0.0001 | 5135 (85.2) | 0.71 (0.63–0.79) | 1.58 (1.18–2.12) | 0.0021 |
| Yes | 35,595 (3.4) | 17.79 (17.00–18.55) | 1.00 | 895 (14.8) | 0.45 (0.33–0.57) | 1.00 | ||
| Municipality extremely poor | ||||||||
| No | 699,531 (67.2) | 108.49 (107.40–109.50) | 1.00 | 4184 (69.4) | 0.65 (0.57–0.73) | 0.97 (0.77–1.21) | 0.7858 | |
| Yes | 341,452 (32.8) | 123.31 (121.60–125.00) | 1.14 (1.10–1.16) | <0.0001 | 1846 (30.6) | 0.67 (0.54–0.79) | 1.00 | |
| Municipality of the semi-arid region | ||||||||
| No | 814,589 (78.3) | 147.84 (146.50–149.20) | 1.00 | 4683 (77.7) | 0.85 (0.75–0.95) | 2.34 (1.82–3.01) | <0.0001 | |
| Yes | 226,394 (21.7) | 61.08 (60.00–62.11) | 0.41 (0.40–0.42) | <0.0001 | 1347 (22.3) | 0.36 (0.28–0.44) | 1.00 | |
| SVI | ||||||||
| Very low | 4 (0.0) | - | 1 (0.0) | - | - | - | ||
| Low | 30,247 (2.9) | 34.10 (32.50–35.69) | 1.00 | 155 (2.6) | 0.17 (0.06–0.29) | 1.00 | ||
| Medium | 159,300 (15.3) | 45.84 (44.90–46.77) | 1.34 (1.30–1.41) | <0.0001 | 1819 (30.2) | 0.52 (0.42–0.62) | 3.03 (1.54–5.99) | 0.0014 |
| High | 500,586 (48.1) | 164.69 (162.80–166.60) | 4.82 (4.60–5.06) | <0.0001 | 2873 (47.6) | 0.95 (0.80–1.09) | 5.48 (2.80–10.71) | <0.0001 |
| Very high | 350,846 (33.7) | 193.34 (190.70–196.00) | 5.66 (5.40–5.94) | <0.0001 | 1182 (19.6) | 0.66 (0.50–0.81) | 3.80 (1.90–7.61) | 0.0002 |
| HDI | ||||||||
| Very low | 1,522 (0.1) | 48.97 (38.90–59.09) | 2.57 (2.10–3.17) | <0.0001 | 6 (0.1) | - | - | - |
| Low | 553,516 (53.2) | 196.78 (194.60–198.90) | 10.32 (9.90–10.71) | <0.0001 | 2245 (37.2) | 0.80 (0.66–0.93) | 1.73 (1.30–2.30) | 0.0001 |
| Medium | 433,275 (41.6) | 120.16 (118.70–121.60) | 6.31 (6.10–6.55) | <0.0001 | 2501 (41.5) | 0.69 (0.58–0.81) | 1.50 (1.14–1.99) | 0.004 |
| High | 52,670 (5.1) | 19.04 (18.40–19.71) | 1.00 | 1278 (21.2) | 0.46 (0.36–0.57) | 1.00 | ||
| SPI | ||||||||
| Very low | 541,034 (52.0) | 197.13 (195.00–199.30) | 8.91 (8.60–9.29) | <0.0001 | 2216 (36.7) | 0.81 (0.67–0.94) | 4.24 (2.16–8.33) | <0.0001 |
| Low | 317,647 (30.5) | 154.90 (152.70–157.10) | 7.01 (6.70–7.31) | <0.0001 | 1696 (28.1) | 0.83 (0.67–0.99) | 4.36 (2.21–8.63) | <0.0001 |
| Medium | 123,410 (11.9) | 71.28 (69.60–72.92) | 3.23 (3.10–3.38) | <0.0001 | 1010 (16.7) | 0.58 (0.43–0.73) | 3.05 (1.51–6.15) | 0.0018 |
| High | 41,618 (4.0) | 22.08 (21.20–22.95) | 1.00 | 960 (15.9) | 0.51 (0.37–0.64) | 2.66 (1.31–5.37) | 0.0065 | |
| Very high | 17,274 (1.7) | 21.45 (20.10–22.77) | 0.97 (0.90–1.05) | 0.4407 | 148 (2.5) | 0.19 (0.07–0.31) | 1.00 | |
| Size of municipality | ||||||||
| Small Size I | 366,294 (35.2) | 188.79 (186.30–191.30) | 1.62 (1.60–1.66) | <0.0001 | 944 (15.7) | 0.49 (0.36–0.62) | 1.00 | |
| Small Size II | 397,032 (38.1) | 180.98 (178.70–183.30) | 1.55 (1.50–1.59) | <0.0001 | 1997 (33.1) | 0.91 (0.74–1.07) | 1.85 (1.34–2.54) | 0.0002 |
| Medium Size | 155,869 (15.0) | 116.45 (114.10–118.80) | 1.00 | 1024 (17.0) | 0.76 (0.57–0.95) | 1.55 (1.08–2.24) | 0.0178 | |
| Large Size | 121,788 (11.7) | 32.53 (31.80–33.28) | 0.28 (0.30–0.29) | <0.0001 | 2065 (34.2) | 0.55 (0.45–0.65) | 1.12 (0.82–1.54) | 0.4840 |
-, not calculated; N, number; %, percentage; 95%CI: 95% Confidence Interval. Size of municipality: Small Size I: ≤20,000 inhabitants, Small Size II: 20,001–50,000 inhabitants, Medium Size: 50,001–100,000 inhabitants, Large Size: >100,001 inhabitants. SISPCE: Schistosomiasis Control Program Information System (Sistema de Informação do Programa de Controle da Esquistossomose). SINAN: Information System of Notifiable Diseases (Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação). SIH-SUS: Hospital Information System—Unified Health System (Sistema de Informação Hospitalar—Sistema Único de Saúde). SVI: Social Vulnerability Index. HDI: Human Development Index. SPI: Social Prosperity Index.