Table 7.
Serum total carnitine (µmol/L) at rest with and without L-carnitine supplementation and after exercise with and without L-carnitine supplementation.
| Authors | Carnitine Dosage | N1 | N2 | Mean 1 | SD 1 | Mean 2 | SD 2 | SMD | SE | 95% CI | t | p | Weight (%) | Test for Heterogeneity | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fixed | Random | ||||||||||||||||
| Arenas 1991 Runner | 1 g/d, 3 w | 13 | 13 | 28 | 2 | 26.3 | 4.134 | 0.510 | 0.386 | −0.287 to 1.308 | 13.57 | 8.60 | Q | 62.7138 | |||
| Arenas 1991 Sprinters | 1 g/d, 3 w | 11 | 11 | 22.8 | 1.8 | 22.5 | 1.4 | 0.179 | 0.411 | −0.678 to 1.036 | 11.99 | 8.47 | DF | 12 | |||
| Arenas 1994 | 2 g/d, 4 w | 7 | 7 | 30.9 | 3.8 | 34.8 | 3.4 | −1.012 | 0.536 | −2.179 to 0.155 | 7.06 | 7.76 | Significance level | p < 0.0001 | |||
| Colombani 1996 | 4 g/d, 1 d | 7 | 7 | 51.4 | 2.8 | 57.9 | 1.6 | −2.668 | 0.710 | −4.215 to −1.120 | 4.02 | 6.73 | I2 (inconsistency) | 80.87% | |||
| Gorostiaga 1989 | 2 g/d, 4 w | 10 | 10 | 44.5 | 4.5 | 46.1 | 4.0 | −0.360 | 0.432 | −1.268 to 0.548 | 10.86 | 8.35 | 95% CI for I2 | 68.26 to 88.47 | |||
| Greig 1987 | 2 g/d, 2 w | 9 | 9 | 55.3 | 7.6 | 78.9 | 16.3 | −1.767 | 0.537 | −2.905 to −0.629 | 7.03 | 7.75 | |||||
| Greig 1987 | 2 g/d, 4 w | 10 | 10 | 41.3 | 8.4 | 56.0 | 8.2 | −1.696 | 0.505 | −2.758 to −0.634 | 7.94 | 7.94 | |||||
| Marconi 1985 | 4 g/d, 2 w | 6 | 6 | 64.3 | 2.1 | 86.8 | 17.1 | −1.704 | 0.636 | −3.122 to −0.287 | 5.00 | 7.16 | |||||
| Muller 2002 | 3 g/d, 10 d | 10 | 10 | 47.07 | 6.82 | 59.86 | 9.52 | −1.479 | 0.488 | −2.504 to −0.454 | 8.51 | 8.04 | |||||
| Oyono-Eguelle 1988 | 2 g/d, 3 w | 10 | 10 | 62.0 | 3.8 | 72.9 | 4.3 | −2.572 | 0.591 | −3.813 to −1.332 | 5.81 | 7.44 | |||||
| Oyono-Enguelle 1988 | 2 g/d, 4 w | 10 | 10 | 62.0 | 3.8 | 79.8 | 3.8 | −4.486 | 0.829 | −6.227 to −2.745 | 2.95 | 6.05 | |||||
| Oyono-Enguelle 1988 | 2 g/d, 12 w | 10 | 10 | 62.0 | 3.8 | 67.4 | 3.8 | −1.361 | 0.479 | −2.368 to −0.354 | 8.82 | 8.09 | |||||
| Swart 1997 | 2 g/d, 6 w | 7 | 7 | 52.9 | 5.1 | 61.93 | 7.3 | −1.342 | 0.561 | −2.564 to −0.120 | 6.44 | 7.61 | |||||
| Total (fixed effects) | 120 | 120 | −1.085 | 0.142 | −1.366 to −0.805 | −7.624 | <0.001 | 100.00 | 100.00 | ||||||||
| Total (random effects) | 120 | 120 | −1.417 | 0.331 | −2.069 to −0.764 | −4.277 | <0.001 | 100.00 | 100.00 | ||||||||
| Authors | Carn. Dosage | Training | N1 | N2 | Mean 1 | SD 1 | Mean 2 | SD 2 | SMD | SE | 95% CI | t | p | Weight (%) | Test for Heterogeneity | ||
| Arenas 1991 Runner | 1 g/d, 3 w | After exercise | 13 | 13 | 26.3 | 1.9 | 29.0 | 2.7 | −1.120 | 0.410 | −1.967 to −0.273 | 32.13 | 23.93 | Q | 26.2778 | ||
| Arenas 1991 Sprinters | 1 g/d, 3 w | After exercise | 11 | 11 | 21.6 | 1.5 | 24.3 | 1.4 | −1.790 | 0.491 | −2.814 to −0.766 | 22.44 | 23.00 | DF | 4 | ||
| Colombani 1996 | 4 g/d, 1 d | After running | 7 | 7 | 57.9 | 1.6 | 122.4 | 8.3 | −10.100 | 1.973 | −14.399 to −5.801 | 1.39 | 7.79 | Significance level | 84.78 | ||
| Gorostiaga 1989 | 2 g/d, 4 w | After 40′ of exercise | 10 | 10 | 47.4 | 5.9 | 49.1 | 4.9 | −0.300 | 0.431 | −1.205 to 0.605 | 29.14 | 23.70 | I2 (inconsistency) | 84.78% | ||
| Marconi 1985 | 4 g/d, 2 w | After 120′ of treadmill | 6 | 6 | 86.8 | 17.1 | 109.8 | 13.4 | −1.382 | 0.603 | −2.725 to −0.0385 | 14.89 | 21.59 | 95% CI for I2 | 66.07 to 93.17 | ||
| Total (fixed effects) | 47 | 47 | −1.195 | 0.233 | −1.657 to −0.733 | −5.138 | <0.001 | 100.00 | 100.00 | ||||||||
| Total (random effects) | 47 | 47 | −1.918 | −1.836 | −3.139 to −0.533 | −2.798 | 0.006 | 100.00 | 100.00 | ||||||||
| Authors | Carnitine Dosage | N1 | N2 | Mean 1 | SD 1 | Mean 2 | SD 2 | SMD | SE | 95% CI | t | p | Weight (%) | Test for Heterogeneity | |||
| Fixed | Random | ||||||||||||||||
| Arenas 1994 | 2 g/d, 4 w | 7 | 7 | 30.9 | 3.8 | 34.8 | 3.4 | −1.012 | 0.536 | −2.179 to 0.155 | 24.52 | 25.62 | Q | 20.4203 | |||
| Greig 1987 | 2 g/d, 4 w | 10 | 10 | 41.3 | 8.4 | 56.0 | 8.2 | −1.696 | 0.505 | −2.758 to −0.634 | 27.55 | 26.03 | DF | 3 | |||
| Gorostiaga 1989 | 2 g/d, 4 w | 10 | 10 | 44.5 | 4.5 | 46.1 | 4.0 | −0.360 | 0.432 | −1.268 to 0.548 | 37.68 | 26.97 | Significance level | p = 0.0001 | |||
| Oyono-Enguelle 1988 | 2 g/d, 4 w | 10 | 10 | 62.0 | 3.8 | 79.8 | 3.8 | −4.486 | 0.829 | −6.227 to −2.745 | 10.25 | 21.37 | I2 | 85.31% | |||
| Total (fixed effects) | 37 | 37 | −1.311 | 0.265 | −1.839 to −0.782 | −4.942 | <0.001 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 95% CI for I2 | 63.69 to 94.06 | ||||||
| Total (random effects) | 37 | 37 | −1.757 | 0.718 | −3.187 to −0.326 | −2.448 | 0.017 | 100.00 | 100.00 | ||||||||
| Authors | Carn. Dosage | Training | N1 | N2 | Mean 1 | SD 1 | Mean 2 | SD 2 | SMD | SE | 95% CI | t | p | Weight (%) | Test for Heterogeneity | ||
| Fixed | Random | ||||||||||||||||
| Arenas 1991 Runners | 1 g/d, 3 w | After exercise | 13 | 13 | 26.3 | 1.9 | 29.0 | 2.7 | −1.120 | 0.410 | −1.967 to −0.273 | 58.88 | 58.09 | Q | 1.0969 | ||
| Arenas 1991 Sprinters | 1 g/d, 3 w | After exercise | 11 | 11 | 21.6 | 1.5 | 24.3 | 1.4 | −1.790 | 0.491 | −2.814 to −0.766 | 41.12 | 41.91 | DF | 1 | ||
| Total (fixed effects) | 24 | 24 | −1.396 | 0.315 | −2.029 to −0.762 | −4.432 | <0.001 | 100.00 | 100.00 | Significance level | p = 0.2949 | ||||||
| Total (random effects) | 24 | 24 | −1.401 | 0.331 | −2.066 to −0.735 | −4.236 | <0.001 | 100.00 | 100.00 | I2 | 8.83% | ||||||
| 95% CI for I2 | 0.00 to 0.00 | ||||||||||||||||
w: weeks, g: grams, d: days, l: milliliter, min: minutes; L-carn: L-carnitine, SD: standard deviation, N: number of subjects, 1: subjects that did not use carn.; 2: subjects used carnitine, SMD: standard mean differences, SE: standard error, CI: confidential intervals, SD: standard deviation, I2: inconsistency.