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. 2021 Oct 28;12(4):59. doi: 10.3390/jfb12040059

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Illustration of different mechanisms of action by antimicrobial agents incorporated in nanofibers on bacteria cells via: (1) disruption of the cell membrane/cell wall. (2) Inhibition of cellular metabolic pathways. (3) Inhibition of DNA and gene expression. (4) Instigation of cellular oxidative stress. (5) Metal-based nanomaterial toxification. (6) Cellular hyperpolarization.