Table 1.

Key properties of nanofiber scaffolds for antimicrobial applications.

Properties	Effects	References
Nano size	Nanofibers, ranging between 100–1000 nm, are similar to bacteria size, thus can enhance bacterial attachment and inhibition.	[62,63,64,65,66]
Surface area to volume	Nanofibers with smaller diameters provide a higher surface area-to-volume ratio for efficient encapsulation of antimicrobial therapeutic agents.	[67,68,69,70]
High porosity	High porosity allows higher loading of drug or antimicrobial agents into the nanofibers, enhances the surface area, and increases bacteria attachment on the surface of nanofibers.	[71,72,73]
Interconnected pores	Promote oxygen and nutrient exchange, provide structural stability, enhance cell proliferation and ensure sustained release of antimicrobial agents.	[72,74,75,76]