TABLE 1.
Clinical and demographic characteristics of patients in the study. Data are presented as median (interquartile range) or n (%)
| Active TB (n = 30) | Latent TB (n = 88) | NTM infection (n = 25) | HIV‐TB coinfection (n = 64) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (y) | 41 (33–56) | 40 (23–63) | 66 (57–74) | 38 (32–44) | |
| Sex | Male | 20 (67%) | 23 (26%) | 10 (40%) | 40 (62%) |
| Female | 10 (33%) | 65 (74%) | 15 (60%) | 24 (38%) | |
| Ethnicity | African | 2 (7%) | 7 (8%) | 0 (0%) | 64 (100%) |
| Arab | 0 (0%) | 1 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Bangladeshi | 1 (3%) | 2 (2%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Indian | 7 (23%) | 3 (3%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Iraqi | 1 (3%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Pakistani | 5 (17%) | 3 (3%) | 1 (4%) | 0 (0%) | |
| South‐‐east Asian | 2 (7%) | 1 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
| White | 12 (40%) | 66 (75%) | 24 (96%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Unknown | 0 (0%) | 5 (6%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Location of infection | Pulmonary | 11 (37%) | ‐ | ‐ | 51 (80%) |
| Extrapulmonary | 16 (53%) | ‐ | ‐ | 9 (14%) | |
| Both | 3 (10%) | ‐ | ‐ | 1 (1%) | |
| Unknown | 0 (0%) | ‐ | ‐ | 3 (5%) | |
| Culture confirmed | Yes | 20 (67%) | ‐ | ‐ | 64 (100%) |
| No | 10 (33%) | ‐ | ‐ | 0 (0%) | |
| Resistance | None | 26 (87%) | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
| Isoniazid | 1 (3%) | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | |
| Pyrazinamide | 2 (7%) | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | |
| Rifampicin | 0 (0%) | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | |
| MDR | 1 (3%) | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | |
| NTM species | Mycobacterium avium complex | ‐ | ‐ | 22 (88%) | ‐ |
| Mycobacterium abscessus | ‐ | ‐ | 2 (8%) | ‐ | |
| Mycobacterium malmoense | ‐ | ‐ | 1 (4%) | ‐ | |
| Baseline ALT (IU/L) | 18 (14–35) | 15 (12–21) | 15 (12–22) | 20 (14–30) | |
| Treatment | Isoniazid, rifampicin | ‐ | 43 (48%) | ‐ | ‐ |
| Isoniazid | ‐ | 26 (30%) | ‐ | ‐ | |
| Rifampicin | ‐ | 18 (20%) | ‐ | ‐ | |
| Moxifloxacin | ‐ | 1 (1%) | ‐ | ‐ | |
| Rifampicin, azithromycin | ‐ | 1 (4%) | ‐ | ||
| Rifampicin, clarithromycin | ‐ | ‐ | 3 (12%) | ‐ | |
| Rifampicin, clarithromycin, amikacin | ‐ | ‐ | 1 (4%) | ‐ | |
| Rifampicin, ethambutol | ‐ | ‐ | 1 (4%) | ‐ | |
| Rifampicin, ethambutol, amikacin | ‐ | ‐ | 1 (4%) | ‐ | |
| Rifampicin, ethambutol, clarithromycin | ‐ | ‐ | 15 (60%) | ‐ | |
| Rifampicin, ethambutol, moxifloxacin | ‐ | ‐ | 1 (4%) | ‐ | |
| Rifabutin, clarithromycin, moxifloxacin | ‐ | ‐ | 1 (4%) | ‐ | |
| Clarithromycin, clofazimine, azithromycin | ‐ | ‐ | 1 (4%) | ‐ | |
| Isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol plus antiretroviral therapy | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | 64 (100%) | |
| Initiation phase | Isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol | 22 (73%) | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
| Isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, moxifloxacin | 1 (3%) | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | |
| Isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol, moxifloxacin | 1 (3%) | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | |
| Isoniazid, rifabutin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol | 1 (3%) | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | |
| Isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, moxifloxacin | 3 (10%) | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | |
| Rifampicin, ethambutol, moxifloxacin | 1 (3%) | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | |
| Bedaquiline, clofazimine, cycloserine | 1 (3%) | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | |
| Continuation phase | Isoniazid, rifampicin | 20 (67%) | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
| Isoniazid, rifampicin, moxifloxacin | 2 (7%) | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | |
| Isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol | 2 (7%) | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | |
| Isoniazid, Rifabutin, moxifloxacin | 1 (3%) | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | |
| Isoniazid, ethambutol, moxifloxacin | 1 (3%) | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | |
| Isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol | 1 (3%) | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | |
| Rifampicin, ethambutol, moxifloxacin | 2 (7%) | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | |
| Bedaquiline, clofazimine, cycloserine | 1 (3%) | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
ALT, alanine transaminase; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; MiR, microRNA; NTM, nontuberculous mycobacterial; TB, tuberculosis