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. 2021 Nov 29;16(11):e0260075. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260075

Table 1. Table of themes and subthemes.

Themes (Subthemes) Summary
1. Experiences of obesity bias and stigma
 ▪ Interpersonal Communication Verbal and non-verbal communication, including facial micro-expressions of disgust and contempt, accusatory judgemental comments and derogatory language.
 ▪ Focus of Care Concerns over medical issues all attributed to obesity and not given due consideration. Presumption among HCPs a that weight loss would resolve the issue, irrespective of what the symptoms were.
 ▪ Physical Environment Experiences with various aspects of clinic or hospital environments, mostly relating to clinic space, furniture, medical equipment, and supplies capacity.
2. Impact of bias and stigma on health
 ▪ Future Healthcare Interactions Previous experiences of weight bias in primary and secondary care resulted in missed or cancelled appointments and occasionally, exacerbation of minor ailments to more serious medical issues.
 ▪ Escalation of Unhealthy Behaviours Escalation of harmful behaviour related to food, physical inactivity and/or smoking, associated with either personal ambivalence or shame, as a response to being subjected to stigmatisation by a HCP.
3. Avenues to address bias and stigma
 ▪ Empathy and Equity Understanding from HCPs as to how people living with obesity feel and using that understanding to guide actions. Be treated with the same level of professionalism or offered the same care as patients without obesity.
 ▪ Healthcare Professional Education Formal obesity education at HCPs entry and graduate level, and training for current HCPs, all devised in collaboration with the patient living with obesity.
 ▪ Obesity Clinical Pathways Access to a structured and timely clinical pathway with the opportunity to access specialist services, much earlier on the obesity journey.

a Healthcare Professionals.