Table 1.

Sample characteristics.

Discovery Categories		Approach	Yield	Non-COVID-19 Example
A	Rare Phenotypic Outliers	“Undiagnosed disease” approach, including family-based analysis when possible	Rare monogenic associations may be found in as many as 25-30% of cases19,20	IRF7 deficiency6
B	Variants Associated with Specific Susceptibility	Cases and controls looking at risk for infection and complications of infection	Anticipate alleles with frequency 1% or above	aHBB CFTR CCR5 APOL1
C	Polygenic Risk Scores	Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS) across varied populations and phenotypes	Identification and aggregation of COVID-19 associated variants genome-wide	Inflammatory bowel disease8

^aspecific HBB, CFTR, CCR5, and APOL1 alleles influencing infectious disease susceptibility are detailed in Supplemental Table 1.