Summary of findings 3. Mindfulness with cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) compared with no treatment (both groups received standard medical therapy) for the management of abdominal pain in Crohn's Disease and inflammatory bowel disease.

Mindfulness with cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) versus no treatment (both groups received standard medical therapy) for the management of abdominal pain in Crohn's Disease and inflammatory bowel disease
Patient or population: people with inflammatory bowel disease Setting: multicentre, hospitals in the UK Intervention: mindfulness with CBT Comparison: no treatment
Outcomes	Anticipated absolute effects* (95% CI)		Relative effect (95% CI)	№ of participants (studies)	Certainty of the evidence (GRADE)
	Risk with standard medical therapy	Risk with mindfulness with CBT + standard medical therapy
Treatment success as defined by the authors	‐	‐	‐	‐	Not measured
Pain frequency and intensity (measured as part of the 0‐500 point IBS‐SSS questionnaire)	‐	MD 37 lower (87.29 lower to 13.29 higher)	‐	66 (1 study)	⊕⊝⊝⊝ very low a b
Withdrawal due to adverse events	0 per 1000	0 per 1000 (0 to 0)	Not estimable	66 (1 study)	⊕⊝⊝⊝ very low a b
*The risk in the intervention group (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI). CBT: cognitive behavioural therapy; CI: confidence interval; MD: mean difference
GRADE Working Group grades of evidence High certainty: We are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect. Moderate certainty: We are moderately confident in the effect estimate: the true effect is likely to be close to the estimate of the effect, but there is a possibility that it is substantially different. Low certainty: Our confidence in the effect estimate is limited: the true effect may be substantially different from the estimate of the effect. Very low certainty: We have very little confidence in the effect estimate: the true effect is likely to be substantially different from the estimate of effect.

^aDowngraded two levels due to imprecision from very sparse data.
^bDowngraded one level due to risk of bias.