Table 2. Multivariable adjusted HRs and 95% CIs of ischemic cardiovascular disease (stroke and coronary heart disease) according to the four categories of seaweed intake, CIRCS.
| None | Tertiles of seaweed intake, g/day | P for trend | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 (0-5.5) | T2 (5.5-15) | T3 (≥ 15) | |||
| Men | |||||
| Person-years | 24,083 | 10,674 | 11,359 | 11,947 | |
| Number at risk | 1166 | 514 | 544 | 568 | |
| Total stroke | |||||
| Number of cases | 98 | 38 | 33 | 36 | |
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.92 (0.63-1.35) | 0.65 (0.44-0.97) | 0.62 (0.41-0.92) | 0.01 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 0.93 (0.63-1.36) | 0.64 (0.43-0.95) | 0.63 (0.42-0.94) | 0.01 |
| Intraparenchymal hemorrhage | |||||
| Number of cases | 21 | 10 | 6 | 8 | |
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 1.18 (0.55-2.52) | 0.57 (0.23-1.41) | 0.71 (0.30-1.66) | 0.29 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 1.10 (0.51-2.36) | 0.53 (0.21-1.33) | 0.63 (0.26-1.49) | 0.19 |
| Subarachnoid hemorrhage | |||||
| Number of cases | 4 | 4 | 1 | 3 | |
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 2.48 (0.61-10.1) | 0.56 (0.06-5.03) | 1.06 (0.23-4.96) | 0.76 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 3.40 (0.77-15.0) | 0.64 (0.07-5.90) | 1.32 (0.27-6.44) | 0.90 |
| Cerebral infarction | |||||
| Number of cases | 71 | 24 | 26 | 24 | |
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.80 (0.50-1.27) | 0.70 (0.44-1.11) | 0.56 (0.34-0.91) | 0.02 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 0.80 (0.50-1.28) | 0.68 (0.43-1.08) | 0.59 (0.36-0.97) | 0.03 |
| Coronary heart disease | |||||
| Number of cases | 47 | 16 | 22 | 20 | |
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.75 (0.42-1.32) | 1.03 (0.62-1.71) | 1.07 (0.62-1.84) | 0.63 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 0.77 (0.43-1.36) | 1.05 (0.63-1.76) | 1.10 (0.63-1.92) | 0.56 |
| Women | |||||
| Person-years | 28,173 | 15,515 | 13,955 | 14,542 | |
| Number at risk | 1312 | 730 | 670 | 665 | |
| Total strokes | |||||
| Number of cases | 69 | 32 | 29 | 34 | |
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.89 (0.58-1.36) | 0.85 (0.55-1.31) | 0.83 (0.54-1.26) | 0.40 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 0.89 (0.58-1.37) | 0.86 (0.55-1.33) | 0.85 (0.55-1.31) | 0.49 |
| Intraparenchymal hemorrhage | |||||
| Number of cases | 19 | 8 | 5 | 8 | |
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.82 (0.36-1.88) | 0.54 (0.20-1.45) | 0.73 (0.31-1.71) | 0.43 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 0.78 (0.34-1.83) | 0.54 (0.20-1.46) | 0.65 (0.27-1.55) | 0.32 |
| Subarachnoid hemorrhage | |||||
| Number of cases | 14 | 7 | 6 | 6 | |
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.91 (0.36-2.26) | 0.87 (0.33-2.27) | 0.72 (0.27-1.90) | 0.50 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 0.97 (0.39-2.45) | 0.93 (0.35-2.46) | 0.70 (0.26-1.91) | 0.48 |
| Cerebral infarction | |||||
| Number of cases | 34 | 17 | 18 | 20 | |
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.99 (0.55-1.79) | 1.04 (0.59-1.86) | 0.96 (0.54-1.69) | 0.90 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 1.00 (0.55-1.80) | 1.02 (0.57-1.83) | 1.05 (0.59-1.88) | 0.86 |
| Coronary heart disease | |||||
| Number of cases | 23 | 10 | 8 | 8 | |
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.81 (0.38-1.71) | 0.71 (0.32-1.59) | 0.58 (0.26-1.32) | 0.20 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 0.81 (0.38-1.72) | 0.70 (0.31-1.57) | 0.57 (0.25-1.32) | 0.19 |
Abbreviations: HR, hazard ratio; CIs, confidence intervals
Model 1 was adjusted for age. Model 2 was adjusted for age; body mass index (quartiles); smoking status (never, current, or past smoker); drinking status (never, current, or past drinker); total energy intake; and dietary intakes of vegetables, fruits, fish, meat, soy, and sodium (continuous).