Table 1.
miR-34a as biomarker of aging and vascular diseases
| Patient cohort | Disease | Source | Normalization | Observation | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 128 HC subjects (20–90-year-old) | Aging | Serum | Unspecified spike-in synthetic miRNA | Positive Correlation with IL-6 and not IL-8 | [35] |
| 106 subjects (median age 68 years old) | Patients subjected to carotid and femoral endarterectomy or an abdominal aortic bypass and LITA samples obtained during coronary artery bypass surgery | Atherosclerotic plaques | Unspecified spike-in synthetic miRNA | Up-regulated | [142] |
| 32 CAD subjects (50–68 years old); 20 volunteers (47–71 years old) | CAD versus HC | Plasma | U6 | Up-regulated | [143] |
| Patients subjected to carotid endarterectomy | Atherosclerosis | Atherosclerotic plaques | U6 | Up-regulated | [144] |
| 50 subjects with primary hypertension (51–82 years old); 28 volunteers | Primary hypertension versus HC | Peripheral blood | Unspecified spike-in synthetic miRNA | Up-regulated correlated with the clinical phase of hypertension | [147] |
| 102 subjects (median age 59 years old) | CAD versus HC | PBMCs | U6 | Upregulated independently associated with CAD but associated with aortic stiffening and atherosclerosis | [146] |
| 118 subjects (median age 67 years old) | CAD versus HC | Cultured EPCs isolated from PBMC | U6 | Higher levels in CAD vs. non-CAD Effect of statin | [145] |
| 56 subjects | s-NGT, pre-diabetes n-T2D diabetes | Serum | RNU6B | Upregulated in n-T2DM vs. pre-diabetes and/or s-NGT | [183] |
| Meta-analysis on T2DM subjects | Diabetes | Blood | Microarray | 40 dysregulated miRNAs in T2DM, including miR34a | [184] |
| 125 subjects (median age 57 years old) | T2DM versus HC | PBMCs | U6 | Upregulated and positively correlated with LDL/HDL and Foxp3 but not with triglyceride/HDL | [185] |
| 133 subjects (median age 62 years old) | T2DM, T2DM with nephropathy, diabetic foot, CVD, pre-diabetes | Serum | Cel-miR-39 | Upregulated in n-T2DM vs. pre-diabetes and HC | [186] |
| 92 subjects (median age 45 years old) | T2DM, pre-diabetes, LADA, T1DM versus HC | Plasma | hsa-miR-191 and miR-451 | Upregulated in T2DM, and T1DM patients | [187] |
| 60 subjects (median age 31–50 years old) | T2DM versus HC | Plasma | Spike-in-control, cel-miR-39 | Upregulated | [188] |
CAD coronary artery disease, CVD cardiovascular disease, EPCs endothelial progenitor cells, HC healthy controls, HDL high-density lipoprotein, LADA latent autoimmune diabetes, LITA left internal thoracic artery, n-T2DM newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients, PBMC peripheral blood mononuclear cells, s-NGT susceptible individuals with normal glucose tolerance, T1DM type 1 diabetes