Table 2.

Use of miR-34a antagomir or mimic in experimental animal models of vascular diseases

Animal Model	miR-34a inhibitor	miR-34a mimic	Route of administration	Treatment effect		References
HIV-1 Tat transgenicmice	Antago-miR-34a	–	Tail-vein	Beneficial: ameliorates aortic endothelial dysfunction	–	[111]
Antiretroviral drugs (lopinavir/ritonavir)-treated mice	Antago-miR-34a	–	Tail-vein	Beneficial: ameliorates aortic endothelial dysfunction	–	[111]
Vit D-treated Mir34a−/− mice	Genetic global ablation	–		Beneficial: reduces soft tissue and aorta calcification; it decreases vascular inflammation	–	[35, 42]
HFD-treated ApoE−/– mice	Antago-miR-34a	–	Tail-vein	Beneficial: abates aortic atherosclerotic plaque lesion development	–	[149]
Femoral artery denudation injury mice		Ago-miR-34a	Perivascular delivery	Beneficial: prevents neointima formation	–	[155]
Western diet fed Ldlr–/– or ApoE–/– mice		Hepatic overexpression of miR-34a by an adenovirus			Detrimental: causes liver steatosis. Protective: atheroprotective	[157]
HFD-treated Mir34a macrophage-specific or global ablation in Ldlr-/- or ApoE-/- mice				Beneficial: improves dyslipidemia, reduces atherosclerosis, obesity and NAFLD		[144]
HFD-treated Ldlr-/- or ApoE-/- mice	LNA miR-34a inhibitor		Systemic	Beneficial: improves dyslipidemia, obesity and NAFLD and reduces atherosclerosis		[144]
AAA induced by Ang II infusion in ApoE-/- mice	AAV9-anti-miR-34a	AAV9-miR-34a	Systemic	Beneficial: Inhibits Ang II-induced AAA formation, vascular senescence and inflammation	Detrimental: Exacerbates Ang II-induced AAA formation, vascular senescence and inflammation	[167]
Hypoxia-induced PAH in rats		miR-34a mimic	Intratracheal nebulization		Prevention of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary vascular remodeling	[173]
Type 2 diabetes db/db mice and STZ-induced type 1 diabetes in mice	LNA miR-34a inhibitor		Systemic	Beneficial: preserves endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation without affecting the hyperglycemic status		[195]
Endothelial miR-34a knockout mice				Beneficial: preserves endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation without affecting the hyperglycemic status		[195]
STZ-induced type 1 diabetes in mice	Antago-miR-34a		Subcutaneous injection once a week for 24 weeks	Beneficial: mitigates tunica media thickness and impaired contraction and relaxation		[194]

AAA abdominal aortic aneurism, AAV9 adeno-associated Virus Serotype 9, Ang II Angiotensin II; ApoE Apolipoprotein E, HFD high-fat diet, HIV human immunodeficiency virus, LNA locked nucleic acid, Ldlr low-density lipoprotein receptor, NAFLD non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, PAH pulmonary arterial hypertension, ST streptozotocin, Vit D Vitamin D