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Risk Factors for Lung Development at Different Life Stages
| The Stage of Life | The Risk Factors for Lung Function |
|---|---|
| Genetics | α1-antitrypsin deficiency |
| ADAM33, SOX5, TNS1 | |
| Antenatal period | Maternal smoking |
| LBW/VLBW, Preterm birth | |
| Maternal nutrition | |
| Mode of delivery Vitamin D deficiency | |
| Childhood | Childhood smoking |
| Air Pollution | |
| Childhood respiratory infections | |
| Childhood asthma Manual working class and overcrowding |
Abbreviations: LBW, low birth weight; VLBW, very low birth weight.
