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. 2021 Jun 14;15(12):3522–3533. doi: 10.1038/s41396-021-01010-z

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a Design of olfactory dual-choice assay. This figure shows how the dual-choice olfactory preference assay was performed. We placed Falcon tubes (15 mL) with a sterile diet (control) or fungus-colonized diet on opposite sides of a Petri dish. The green circle indicates the caterpillar release area. The choice was quantified in the end of the experiment when the caterpillar remained in the Falcon tube to feed. b Diatraea saccharalis and Spodoptera frugiperda caterpillars, in a dual-choice assay with sterile diet on one side (control) and Fusarium verticillioides- or Aspergillus nidulans-colonized diet on the opposite side (upper and middle panels respectively) and D. saccharalis dual-choice assay using the F. verticillioides VOCs on one side and the solvent (control) on the opposite side (lower panel). Values are the means (±SEs) of ten replicates. Statistical analysis was performed using a t-test considering significance levels of p < 0.01. c Chromatographic profiles of volatiles released by F. verticillioides, A. nidulans and the sterile diet as a control. Internal standard (IS, nonyl acetate). (1) 1-Octen-3-ol, (2) unknown 1, (3) acoradiene, (4) unknown 2, (5) unknown 3, (6) acorenol. Asterisks designate the same compound present in both treatments.