Table 2.
Summary of parasite proteins discovered to be involved in Anopheles midgut survival and dissemination.
| Protein name | Expression stage | Function | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pfgdv1 (PF3D7_0935400) | Gametocytes | Plays a role in transcriptional activation of PfAP2-G | 41 |
| PfAP2-G (PF3D7_1222600) | Gametocytes | Regulation of early gametocyte genes and gametocytogenesis | 38,40 |
| Pfgig (PF3D7_0935600) | Gametocytes | Regulation of gametocyte commitment | 44 |
| Pfs16 (PF3D7_0406200) | Gametocytes and gametes | Gametocyte development and male gametocyte exflagellation | 46,62 |
| PfPLP2 (PF3D7_1216700) | Gametocytes | Key to gametocytes egress from erythrocytes | 60 |
| PfPATPL1 (PF3D7_0209100) | Gametocytes | Function in gametogenesis by mediating PfPLP2 secretion, gametocyte rounding up, and male gamete exflagellation | 61 |
| PfMAP-2 (PF3D7_1113900) | Male gametocytes | Gametogenesis and exflagellation | 59 |
| GEP1 (PF3D7_0515500) | Gametocytes | XA-stimulated gametogenesis regulation | 58 |
| PDI-Trans/PBANKA_0820300 | Male gametocytes | Fertilization and malarial transmission to the mosquito | 67 |
| Pfs37 (PF3D7_1204400) | Sexual stage-specific protein | May play role in gametogenesis and exflagellation | 62,63 |
| PF3D7_0303900 | ?? | Phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein | 62 |
| PF3D7_1214800 | ?? | unknown | 62 |
| PF3D7_1239400 | ?? | unknown | 62 |
| PF3D7_1472800 | ?? | HSP20-like chaperone | 62 |
| PfCHT1 (PF3D7_1252200) | Ookinetes | Midgut PM invasion | 139,140 |
| PfCelTOS (PF3D7_1216600) | Ookinetes and sporozoites | Plays a crucial role in establishing malaria infections in both mosquito and vertebrate hosts | 141–143 |
| SOAP (PF3D7_1404300) | Ookinetes and young oocysts | Interacts with midgut basal laminin and plays a role in oocyst development | 75 |
| WARP (PF3D7_0801300) | Ookinetes | Midgut invasion | 144 |
Key: Pfgdv1 P. falciparum gametocyte development 1 gene, PfAP2-G P. falciparum AP2 transcription factor, PfMAP-2 P. falciparum mitogen-activated protein kinase-2, GEP1 gametogenesis essential protein 1, Pfgig P. falciparum gene implicated in gametocytogenesis, PfPLP2 P. falciparum perforin-like protein 2, PfPATPL1 P. falciparum patatin-like phospholipase, CHT1 chitinase, PfCelTOS cell traversal protein for ookinetes and sporozoites, SOAP secreted ookinete adhesive protein, WARP von Willebrand factor A domain-related protein. Note: Italics format represents gene name.