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. 2021 Nov 29;12:6951. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-27289-2

Fig. 4. Branched chain amino acids (BCAA) and downstream metabolites.

Fig. 4

a Schematic of BCAA metabolic pathway showing measured analytes. KIC, KMV, and KIV indicate the branched chain ketoacids ketoisocaproate, ketomethylvalerate, and ketoisovalerate, respectively. b Relative abundance of measured analytes, aligned to position in pathway in (a). Data were analyzed by two-sided moderated t-tests; post-baseline time points were analyzed using change from baseline. Data are reported as mean ± SEM on the log2 scale. Analysis was derived from samples from independent human participants. RYGB at 0, 3, 12, and 36 months: n = 19, 18, 19, and 13; DWM: n = 19, 18, 16, 9. Nominal p-values are as follows: Leucine: 3 mo **= 0.001, 12 mo **= 0.0041, 36 mo *= 0.03; Isoleucine: 12 mo *= 0.017, 36 mo *= 0.036; Valine: 3 mo **= 0.0019, 12 mo **= 0.0013, 36 mo *= 0.016; KIC: 3 mo ***= 0.00016; KIV: 3 mo: ***= 0.00026, 12 mo: **= 0.0045. 3-OH-isobutyrate: 3 mo: #<0.0001; isovalerylcarnitine: 3 mo: #<0.0001, 12 mo: **= 0.002; 2-methylbutyrylcarnitine: 0 mo: *= 0.025; propionylcarnitine: 3 mo: #<0.0001, 12 mo: *= 0.016. isobutyrylcarnitine: 0 mo: *= 0.024. Source data and FDRs are available in Supplementary Data 2.