Table 2.
The anthropometrics and biochemical characteristics of the participants
| Groups | Mean (SD) Value | Change | P-Value | Mean (SD) Value | Change | P-Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 12 weeks | Baseline | 12 weeks | |||||
| Weight, kg | Percent Body Fat, % | |||||||
| AT | 91.74 ± 13.89 | 89.69 ± 12.80 | -2.05 ± 3.03 | 0.048* | 29.55 ± 7.12 | 24.18 ± 7.45 | -5.37 ± 3.85 | 0.001** |
| RT | 85.64 ± 8.60 | 84.60 ± 8.09 | -1.04 ± 2.12 | 0.134 | 28.00 ± 5.49 | 22.43 ± 8.30 | -5.58 ± 3.95 | 0.001** |
| CT | 88.76 ± 14.31 | 87.03 ± 13.91 | -1.74 ± 3.12 | 0.095 | 30.02 ± 7.94 | 25.97 ± 6.49 | -4.04 ± 4.22 | 0.010** |
| C | 91.79 ± 16.24 | 91.54 ± 17.23 | -0.25 ± 2.44 | 0.729 | 28.60 ± 10.10 | 27.49 ± 11.82 | -1.11 ± 4.05 | 0.362 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | WHR | |||||||
| AT | 30.39 ± 3.36 | 29.45 ± 3.21 | -0.94 ± 0.66 | 0.001** | 0.962 ± 0.033 | 0.940 ± 0.037 | -0.022 ± 0.019 | 0.005** |
| RT | 28.79 ± 2.59 | 28.42 ± 2.50 | -0.37 ± 0.68 | 0.101 | 0.949 ± 0.025 | 0.950 ± 0.035 | 0.001 ± 0.025 | 0.908 |
| CT | 30.36 ± 3.02 | 29.81 ± 2.56 | -0.55 ± 1.01 | 0.101 | 0.946 ± 0.023 | 0.928 ± 0.019 | -0.018 ± 0.021 | 0.020* |
| C | 30.93 ± 5.12 | 31.29 ± 5.32 | 0.36 ± 0.83 | 0.166 | 0.940 ± 0.035 | 0.954 ± 0.037 | 0.014 ± 0.014 | 0.006** |
| FBS, mg/dL | Hemoglobin A1c | |||||||
| AT | 142.64 ± 39.48 | 148 ± 40.76 | 5.36 ± 37.92 | 0.649 | 7.12 ± 1.17 | 6.29 ± 0.79 | -0.83 ± 0.93 | 0.014* |
| RT | 129.36 ± 37.45 | 121.91 ± 31.58 | -7.45 ± 40.04 | 0.551 | 6.95 ± 0.77 | 6.33 ± 0.59 | -0.62 ± 0.56 | 0.004** |
| CT | 155.73 ± 94.18 | 155.72 ± 64.38 | -0.01 ± 108.20 | 0.999 | 7.15 ± 1.11 | 6.84 ± 0.96 | -0.31 ± 1.11 | 0.378 |
| C | 156.75 ± 55.57 | 149.75 ± 61.59 | -7.00 ± 71.33 | 0.740 | 7.26 ± 1.01 | 6.82 ± 1.14 | -0.44 ± 0.71 | 0.055 |
| Insulin, µU/ml | Total Cholesterol, mg/dL | |||||||
| AT | 12.47 ± 10.74 | 13.32 ± 11.62 | 0.85 ± 3.23 | 0.402 | 136.27 ± 41.85 | 154.91 ± 52.21 | 18.64 ± 33.39 | 0.094 |
| RT | 15.85 ± 18.76 | 12.84 ± 13.32 | -3.01 ± 10.03 | 0.343 | 166.36 ± 29.56 | 162.36 ± 25.30 | -4.00 ± 27.73 | 0.665 |
| CT | 10.36 ± 6.62 | 15.74 ± 8.70 | 5.38 ± 6.85 | 0.026* | 138.82 ± 28.27 | 139.91 ± 25.32 | 1.09 ± 22.13 | 0.873 |
| C | 19.43 ± 14.14 | 21.42 ± 15.48 | 1.99 ± 5.24 | 0.215 | 137.33 ± 34.12 | 171.25 ± 61.37 | 33.92 ± 44.43 | 0.023* |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | |||||||
| AT | 170.63 ± 81.56 | 210.64 ± 125.24 | 40.01 ± 102.51 | 0.225 | 38.36 ± 6.68 | 38.18 ± 5.69 | -0.18 ± 5.44 | 0.914 |
| RT | 131.73 ± 72.93 | 132.18 ± 47.35 | 0.45 ± 38.75 | 0.970 | 46.82 ± 11.54 | 43.36 ± 7.98 | -3.46 ± 5.30 | 0.056 |
| CT | 127.55 ± 50.77 | 130.91 ± 58.98 | 3.36 ± 32.12 | 0.736 | 36.45 ± 7.10 | 36.73 ± 8.72 | 0.28 ± 4.00 | 0.826 |
| C | 205.42 ± 85.09 | 321.92 ± 89.36 | 116.5 ± 311.56 | 0.222 | 32.83 ± 9.79 | 31.92 ± 8.06 | -0.91 ± 3.87 | 0.430 |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dL | Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | |||||||
| AT | 69.54 ± 29.00 | 75.87 ± 27.08 | 6.33 ± 18.70 | 0.288 | 124.91 ± 12.01 | 118.91 ± 8.73 | -6.00 ± 10.95 | 0.099 |
| RT | 96.53 ± 22.40 | 83.09 ± 15.62 | -13.44 ± 19.17 | 0.042* | 124.91 ± 9.61 | 114.36 ± 11.20 | -10.55 ± 10.59 | 0.008** |
| CT | 78.09 ± 16.54 | 71.91 ± 19.08 | -6.18 ± 18.38 | 0.291 | 126.91 ± 11.94 | 116.91 ± 7.61 | -10.00 ± 6.57 | 0.001** |
| C | 76.27 ± 23.19 | 77.05 ± 21.02 | 0.78 ± 20.97 | 0.899 | 119.00 ± 6.83 | 134.82 ± 14.01 | 15.82 ± 15.97 | 0.008** |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | ||||||||
| AT | 71.64 ± 7.89 | 69.82 ± 7.72 | -1.82 ± 11.54 | 0.613 | ||||
| RT | 72.27 ± 5.76 | 67.27 ± 11.39 | -5.00 ± 11.04 | 0.164 | ||||
| CT | 76.73 ± 7.60 | 67.91 ± 9.21 | -8.82 ± 8.11 | 0.005** | ||||
| C | 71.36 ± 5.77 | 75.91 ± 6.86 | 4.54 ± 6.77 | 0.050 | ||||
BMI, body mass index; WHR, waist-hip ratio; FBS, fasting blood sugar. Results are expressed as mean ± SD
** The p < 0.01 was considered statistically significant
* The p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
AT Aerobic-training group, RT Resistant-training group, CT Combined-training group, C control group