Table 2.
Clinical and biological characteristics of study participants stratified by gender and by NAFLD status
| NAFLD | Non NAFLD | P | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male n = 112 (35.3%) |
Female n = 205 (65.7%) |
p | Total n = 317 (36.3%) |
Male n = 190 (34.1%) |
Female n = 367 (65.9%) |
P | Total n = 557 (63.7%) |
0.7 | |
| Age (years) | 52.8 ± 12.7 | 50.3 ± 12.5 | 0.08 | 51.2 ± 12.6 | 51 ± 14.8 | 44 ± 14.3 | <0.0001 | 46.3 ± 14.8 | <0.0001 |
| 25(OH)D (μg/l) | 13.6 ± 7 | 9.4 ± 6.8 | <0.0001 | 10.9 ± 7.2 | 17.8 ± 8.6 | 12.4 ± 11.4 | <0.0001 | 14.3 ± 10.8 | <0.0001 |
| FLI | 79.8 ± 13.3 | 77.6 ± 14.7 | 0.18 | 78.4 ± 14.2 | 34.9 ± 17.8 | 27 ± 18.3 | <0.0001 | 29.7 ± 18.5 | <0.0001 |
| WC (cm) | 108.7 ± 9.6 | 108.8 ± 11.1 | 0.9 | 108.8 ± 10.6 | 93.5 ± 7.4 | 91.7 ± 8.8 | 0.008 | 92.3 ± 8.4 | <0.0001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 141.7 ± 21.8 | 136 ± 23.7 | 0.036 | 138.1 ± 23.2 | 132.9 ± 19.2 | 124.7 ± 20.3 | <0.0001 | 127.5 ± 20.3 | <0.0001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 85.1 ± 12.5 | 82.9 ± 13.7 | 0.16 | 83.7 ± 13.3 | 79.4 ± 11.2 | 75.4 ± 11.6 | <0.0001 | 76.8 ± 11.6 | <0.0001 |
| FBG (mmol/l) | 7.0 ± 2.8 | 6.2 ± 2.2 | 0.019 | 6.5 ± 2.6 | 5.7 ± 2.2 | 5.2 ± 1.7 | 0.001 | 5.4 ± 1.8 | <0.0001 |
| TC (mmol/l) | 4.6 ± 1.03 | 4.8 ± 1.03 | 0.08 | 4.7 ± 1.06 | 4.3 ± 1.03 | 4.3 ± 0.88 | 0.9 | 4.3 ± 0.93 | <0.0001 |
| TG (mmol/l) | 2.47 ± 1.46 | 1.92 ± 1.01 | <0.0001 | 2.1 ± 1.27 | 1.35 ± 0.56 | 1.09 ± 0.56 | <0.0001 | 1.18 ± 0.58 | <0.0001 |
| HDLc (mmol/l) | 1.01 ± 0.23 | 1.14 ± 0.26 | 0.001 | 1.08 ± 0.26 | 1.03 ± 0.18 | 1.19 ± 0.23 | <0.0001 | 1.14 ± 0.23 | 0.02 |
| GOT (IU/l) | 29.2 ± 12 | 27.9 ± 11.9 | 0.3 | 28.4 ± 11.9 | 24.4 ± 7.8 | 22.7 ± 8.2 | 0.017 | 23.3 ± 8.1 | <0.0001 |
| GPT (IU/l) | 25.7 ± 16.5 | 20.9 ± 13.3 | 0.006 | 22.6 ± 14.7 | 15.1 ± 7.8 | 12.6 ± 6.3 | <0.0001 | 13.5 ± 6.9 | <0.0001 |
| γGT (IU/l) | 35.5 ± 23.3 | 31.2 ± 36 | 0.25 | 32.7 ± 32.1 | 20.7 ± 8.9 | 15.9 ± 8.8 | <0.0001 | 17.5 ± 9.1 | <0.0001 |
| ALP (IU/l) | 154.5 ± 76 | 144.6 ± 63.5 | 0.21 | 148.1 ± 68 | 134.2 ± 48.6 | 129 ± 59.5 | 0.3 | 130.8 ± 56 | <0.0001 |
| BMI (Kg/m2) | 30 ± 4.3 | 32.1 ± 4.5 | <0.0001 | 31.5 ± 4.6 | 24.7 ± 3.5 | 24.7 ± 3.8 | 0.9 | 24.7 ± 3.7 | <0.0001 |
| RatioGOT/GPT | 0.91 ± 0.5 | 0.79 ± 0.5 | 0.05 | 0.84 ± 0.5 | 0.65 ± 0.3 | 0.6 ± 0.3 | 0.013 | 0.61 ± 0.3 | <0.0001 |
25(OH)D 25-hydroxy vitamin, ALP alkaline phosphatases, BMI body mass index, DBP diastolic blood pressure, FBG fasting blood glucose, FLI fatty liver index, GOT glutamo-oxaloacetic transaminase, GPT glutamo-pyruvic transaminase, γ-GT gamma-Glutamyl-Trans-peptidase, HDLc high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, NAFLD Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, SBP systolic blood pressure, TC total cholesterol, TG triglycerides, WC waist circumference. p: Student’s t test. Bold values indicate significant differences (p < 0.05)