Figure 2. Adjusted HRs for the Association of Parathyroidectomy vs Nonoperative Management With Any Clinical Fracture According to Sex, Age Group, Osteoporosis History, Meeting Consensus Guideline Criteria for Parathyroidectomy, and Frailty.

The HRs are adjusted for all other characteristics in addition to race and ethnicity, ADI, urban or rural inhabitance, Charlson-Deyo Comorbidity Index, endocrinologist care within 6 months of PHPT diagnosis, prior fracture, tobacco use, alcohol use disorder, and obesity.

ADI denotes area deprivation index; HR, hazard ratio; PHPT, primary hyperparathyroidism; and ADI, area deprivation index.