Table 4. Multivariate Analysis Showing Odds of Major Complications Stratified by Device Typea.
| Outcome | No. (%) | OR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (n = 10 863) | Midline (n = 5105) | PICC (n = 5758) | |||||
| Any major complication | 769 (7.1) | 200 (3.9) | 569 (9.9) | 1.99 (1.61-2.47) | <.001 | 1.21 (1.02-1.44) | .03 |
| Primary BSI | 112 (1.0) | 19 (0.4) | 93 (1.6) | 4.44 (2.52-7.82) | <.001 | 1.76 (1.06-2.92) | .03 |
| Catheter occlusion | 510 (4.7) | 105 (2.1) | 405 (7.0) | 2.24 (1.70-2.96) | <.001 | 1.58 (1.26-1.97) | <.001 |
| DVT | 160 (1.5) | 74 (1.4) | 86 (1.5) | 0.93 (0.63-1.37) | .70 | 0.53 (0.38-0.74) | <.001 |
| PE | 22 (0.2) | 8 (0.2) | 14 (0.2) | 1.29 (0.46-3.61) | .62 | 0.92 (0.36-2.32) | .85 |
Abbreviations: BSI, bloodstream infection; CLABSI, central line–associated blood stream infection; CVC, central venous catheter; DVT, deep vein thrombosis; HR, hazard ratio; OR, odds ratio; PE, pulmonary embolism; PICC, peripherally inserted central catheter.
For logistic mixed-effect models, results were estimated using robust sandwich covariance matrix estimates to account for hospital-level correlation. Patient- and device-level adjustments include age, sex, catheter lumens, line duration, Charlson comorbidity score, previous CVC placements, and history of prior DVT, PE, CLABSI, or cancer. For Cox proportional hazards models, results were adjusted for hospital clustering by calculating SEs using robust sandwich estimates for each site. Patient- and device-level adjustments include age, sex, catheter lumens, line duration, Charlson comorbidity score, previous CVC placements, and history of prior DVT, PE, CLABSI, or cancer.