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. 2021 Nov 9;11:757185. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.757185

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Copyright © 2021 Coceres, Iriarte, Miranda-Magalhães, Santos de Andrade, de Miguel and Pereira-Neves

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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EASs release microvesicle-like structures. (A) Representative micrographs of MVs (arrowheads) protruding from the flagellar membrane of the EASs (*) of Trichomonas vaginalis and Tritrichomonas foetus. The images were obtained by SEM (first row), negative staining (second row), and ultrathin sections (third row). The dotted lines indicate the boundary between axoneme (Ax) and the extra-axonemal filaments (*). (B) Percentage of EASs with protruding MVs on their surface. Three independent experiments in duplicate were performed, and 100 parasites exhibiting at least one swelling were randomly counted per sample using SEM. Data are expressed as means ± SD. Approximately 45% of parasites with flagellar swelling exhibited associated MVs.