Table 2. Relation of prehospital variables to drowning outcome.
| Variables | Cases n = 74 n (%) |
Good outcome Full recovery, n = 69 |
Poor outcome BD or SND, n = 5 |
p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Timing of drowning | ||||
| AM | 6 (8.1) | 6 | 0 | 0.789 |
| PM | 68 (91.9) | 63 | 5 | |
| Season | ||||
| Summer | 29 (39.2) | 26 | 3 | 0.517 |
| Autumn | 18 (24.3) | 8 | 0 | |
| Winter | 9 (12.2) | 18 | 1 | |
| Spring | 18 (24.3) | 17 | 1 | |
| Location of drowning | ||||
| Buckets | 3 (4.0) | 3 | 0 | 0.087 |
| Home swimming pool | 6 (8.1) | 5 | 1 | |
| Public swimming pool | 38 (51.3) | 36 | 2 | |
| Wadis | 5 (6.8) | 4 | 1 | |
| Lake/pond | 5 (6.8) | 4 | 1 | |
| Sea | 17 (23.0) | 17 | 0 | |
| Lack of adult supervision | ||||
| No | 53 (71.6) | 52 | 1 | 0.014 |
| Yes | 21 (28.4) | 17 | 4 | |
| Swimming ability | ||||
| Pre-swimming age | 36 (48.6) | 32 | 4 | 0.571 |
| Can swim | 27 (36.5) | 26 | 1 | |
| Can not swim | 11 (14.9) | 11 | 0 | |
| Medical risk factors | ||||
| No | 72 (97.3) | 67 | 5 | 0.928 |
| Epilepsy | 2 (2.7) | 2 | 0 | |
| Duration of submersion, minutes | ||||
| < 10 | 65 (87.8) | 64 | 1 | < 0.001 |
| > 10 | 9 (12.2) | 5 | 4 | |
| On spot resuscitation | ||||
| No | 35 (47.3) | 35 | 0 | 0.090 |
| Yes (by family or EMS) | 39 (52.7) | 34 | 5 | |
| Initial transfer to other hospitals | ||||
| No | 41 (55.4) | 39 | 2 | 0.723 |
| Yes | 33 (44.6) | 30 | 3 |
BD: brain death; SND: severe neurological damage; EMS: emergency medical services.