. 2021 Sep 30;10(11):R293–R304. doi: 10.1530/EC-21-0294

Table 2.

Results of meta-regression and subgroup analysis concerning the frequency of pheochromocytoma and/or paraganglioma (PPGL) among patients with von Hippel–Lindau disease (vHL) of all types.

	Meta-regression				Subgroup analysis
	N studies	N vHL	OR (95% CI)	P value	Frequency (%, 95% CI)	Q Cochran P value	I²
Publication year	45	4263	1.04 (1.01–1.08)	0.013*	–^a	–^a	–^a
Sample size	45	4263	1.00 (1.00–1.00)	0.818	–^a	–^a	–^a
% of males	24	648	1.01 (0.98–1.03)	0.554	–^a	–^a	–^a
Mean cohort age	9	444	1.05 (0.96–1.16)	0.300	–^a	–^a	–^a
Mean onset age of vHL	13	1863	0.98 (0.91–1.07)	0.697	–^a	–^a	–^a
Region	45	4263	–	0.802^b
Europe	21	2148	–^c	–^c	19.1 (14.5–24.9)	<0.001	84.4%
Asia and Pacific	16	1116	0.97 (0.55–1.71)	0.923	18.5 (12.9–25.9)	<0.001	76.7%
America	8	999	1.23 (0.62–2.44)	0.558	21.0 (11.4–35.3)	<0.001	92.6%
Sampling method	45	4263	–	0.352^b
Consecutive	19	3684	–^c	–^c	20.5 (16.3–25.5)	<0.001	90.1%
Convenience	11	178	1.22 (0.61–2.41)	0.576	22.4 (11.7–38.7)	<0.001	69.4%
Not specified	15	401	0.72 (0.40–1.28)	0.261	15.3 (9.9–23.0)	<0.001	61.2%
Diagnosis method	45	4263	–	0.888^b
Included genetic testing/not specified	42	4086	–^c	–^c	19.7 (16.1– 23.8)	<0.001	85.0%
Clinical criteria only	3	177	0.93 (0.32–2.70)	0.888	27.7 (3.2–81.6)	<0.001	91.8%

^aNot performed, as this is a continuous variable; ^bOmnibus P value for this variable; ^cReference category; *Statistically significant P value.