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. 2021 Nov 9;12:780910. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.780910

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Copyright © 2021 Perez Rosero, Heron, Jovel, O’Neil, Turvey, Parashar and Elahi

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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CD44 is downregulated from the surface of oral neutrophils in HIV-infected individuals. (A) Representative flow cytometry plots of CD45 expression on blood and oral neutrophils. (B) Cumulative data of CD45 expression on oral neutrophils of HIV-infected versus healthy individuals. (C) Representative histogram plots, and (D) cumulative data of CD44 expression (MFI) in oral neutrophils of HV-infected individuals vs. HCs. (E) Representative flow cytometry plots of co-expression of CD44 and Gal-9 in oral and blood neutrophils in HIV-infected vs. healthy individuals. (F) Representative histogram plots, and (G) cumulative data of CD44 expression (MFI) in the blood and oral neutrophils of HIV-infected vs. healthy individuals. (H) Concentrations of soluble CD44 in the saliva of HIV-infected vs. healthy individuals as measured by ELISA. (I) Cumulative data showing blood neutrophil migration in the presence of soluble Gal-9 (1.5 ng/ml), anti-CD44 antibody (20 μg/ml), or soluble Gal-9 (1.5 ng/ml) plus anti-CD44 antibody while all wells were treated with fMLP (50 μm). (J) Cumulative results showing a positive correlation between the soluble CD44 with IL-6 in the saliva of HIV-infected individuals, calculated by Spearman correlation (K) Cumulative results showing a positive correlation between the soluble CD44 with IL-8 in the saliva of HIV-infected individuals, calculated by Spearman correlation. (L) Cumulative data showing a positive correlation between the soluble CD44 with bacterial Faith’s diversity, measured by Spearman correlation. (M) Cumulative data of percentages of neutrophils expression CD44 in the oral cavity of HCs versus HIV-infected individuals that were subjected to 16S gene sequencing. (N) Cumulative data of the intensity of CD44 expression on neutrophils from the oral cavity of HCs versus HIV-infected individuals that were subjected to 16S gene sequencing. ns, no significant.