Table 2.
Age-adjusted prevalence of short sleep duration (<7 hours/24 hours) and adjusted prevalence ratio by caregiver status within selected characteristics among 114,496 adult respondents ≥18 yearsa, 2016
| Characteristic | Caregivers % (95% CI)b | Non-caregivers % (95% CI)b | Adjusted prevalence ratio (95% CI)c |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age-adjusted prevalence | 39.5 (37.4–41.7) | 34.2 (33.2–35.3) | 1.12 (1.06–1.19) |
| Sex d | |||
| Men | 39.7 (36.4–43.1) | 34.8 (33.3–36.2) | 1.11 (1.02–1.22) |
| Women | 39.2 (36.6–41.9) | 33.7 (32.3–35.1) | 1.13 (1.05–1.22) |
| Age groups (years) | |||
| 18–24 | 29.2 (22.3–37.3) | 31.8 (28.6–35.2) | 0.91 (0.69–1.20) |
| 25–34 | 43.7 (38.2–49.4) | 36.4 (34.0–38.9) | 1.13 (0.98–1.30) |
| 35–44 | 47.1 (41.6–52.6) | 36.5 (34.0–39.1) | 1.21 (1.06–1.38) |
| 45–64 | 40.6 (37.8–43.5) | 36.3 (34.6–38.0) | 1.13 (1.04–1.22) |
| ≥65 | 31.3 (27.9–35.0) | 27.2 (25.8–28.7) | 1.17 (1.04–1.31) |
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| Non-Hispanic white | 38.5 (35.6–41.4) | 32.4 (31.3–33.6) | 1.14 (1.07–1.22) |
| Non-Hispanic black | 48.3 (42.0–54.6) | 43.8 (40.6–46.9) | 1.11 (0.96–1.28) |
| Hispanic | 41.0 (36.1–46.0) | 34.0 (31.8–36.4) | 1.10 (0.94–1.29) |
| American Indian/Alaska Native | 44.8 (35.0–55.2) | 34.5 (28.1–41.6) | 1.31 (0.99–1.73) |
| Other, Non-Hispanic | 42.6 (34.9–50.7) | 41.2 (36.6–46.1) | 0.95 (0.75–1.21) |
| Education | |||
| Less than high school diploma | 45.8 (39.3–52.4) | 32.0 (29.4–34.8) | 1.30 (1.11–1.52) |
| High school diploma or GED | 42.2 (38.7–45.7) | 36.9 (35.0–38.7) | 1.12 (1.01–1.24) |
| Some college or technical school | 42.9 (39.1–46.8) | 37.9 (35.9–39.9) | 1.11 (1.00–1.23) |
| College graduate | 32.7 (29.4–36.2) | 29.3 (27.7–30.9) | 1.05 (0.95–1.17) |
| Employment status | |||
| Employed | 40.8 (37.7–44.0) | 35.4 (33.9–36.9) | 1.16 (1.07–1.25) |
| Unemployed | 49.0 (41.2–56.9) | 35.5 (31.5–39.8) | 1.20 (1.00–1.44) |
| Retired | 54.6 (42.7–66.1) | 44.4 (34.8–54.5) | 1.13 (1.00–1.28) |
| Unable to work | 48.8 (41.8–55.9) | 47.5 (43.3–51.8) | 0.97 (0.85–1.10) |
| Homemaker or student | 32.4 (27.6–37.7) | 28.4 (25.2–31.8) | 1.01 (0.83–1.23) |
| Marital status | |||
| Married | 37.2 (33.5–41.1) | 32.5 (30.9–34.1) | 1.12 (1.03–1.21) |
| Divorced, separated, widowed | 50.1 (43.9–56.2) | 40.3 (37.1–43.6) | 1.26 (1.15–1.39) |
| Never married | 38.1 (33.9–42.5) | 37.7 (35.4–39.9) | 1.00 (0.87–1.15) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | |||
| Underweight (<18.5) | 45.9 (35.9–56.2) | 33.3 (26.4–41.0) | 1.61 (1.13–2.30) |
| Normal weigh (18.5–24.9) | 35.3 (32.0–38.7) | 31.5 (29.8–33.3) | 1.10 (0.98–1.22) |
| Overweight (25.0–29.9) | 37.1 (33.1–41.2) | 34.8 (33.0–36.7) | 1.07 (0.97–1.19) |
| Obese (≥30.0) | 42.5 (39.1–45.9) | 38.5 (36.4–40.7) | 1.10 (1.00–1.21) |
| Missing | 48.5 (41.0–56.0) | 30.0 (26.9–33.4) | 1.50 (1.24–1.80) |
| Cigarette smoking status | |||
| Current smoker | 46.3 (41.9–50.8) | 42.3 (39.8–44.8) | 1.08 (0.97–1.20) |
| Former smoker | 41.1 (35.9–46.6) | 34.6 (32.2–37.1) | 1.13 (1.02–1.26) |
| Never smoker | 36.8 (34.0–39.6) | 32.2 (30.9–33.5) | 1.12 (1.03–1.22) |
| Leisure-time physical activity | |||
| Yes | 36.8 (34.5–39.2) | 32.6 (31.5–33.8) | 1.09 (1.02–1.17) |
| No | 48.7 (43.3–54.2) | 38.8 (36.7–41.0) | 1.20 (1.08–1.33) |
Respondents were from the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and 19 states (Arizona, Arkansas, California, Connecticut, Colorado, Georgia, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nevada, New Jersey, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah) that administered the caregiving module in 2016.
Except for age groups, estimates were age-adjusted to the 2000 projected U.S. population aged ≥18 years. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/statnt/statnt20.pdf.
Adjusted prevalence ratio and 95% confidence interval (CI) were derived from multivariable logistic regression model with sex, age group, race/ethnicity, education, employment status, marital status, BMI category, cigarette smoking status, and leisure-time physical activity as covariates.
12 respondents who reported “refused to answer” for sex variable were categorized as “other”, which was not showed due to unreliable estimates in the table but were included in the analyses.