Table 1.
Descriptive results comparing normal/mild, moderate, and severe groups using NHANES 2017‐2018
| Total | Normal/Mild (S0,S1) CAP <260 | Moderate (S2) CAP 260‐290 | Severe (S3) CAP >290 | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |||
| Overall | 5,492 | 2,896 (53. 1%) | 900 (16.6%) | 1,696 (30.3%) | |
| Age, years | † | † | <0.0001 | ||
| 12‐19 | 983 (12.4%) | 760 (81.0%) | 97 (8.8%) | 126 (10.2%) | |
| 20‐34 | 1,033 (24.5%) | 650 (64.3%) | 149 (12.9%) | 234 (22.7%) | |
| 35‐49 | 1,008 (21.5%) | 474 (48.9%) | 183 (19.4%) | 351 (31.6%) | |
| 50‐64 | 1,349 (24.8%) | 537 (40.3%) | 254 (18.9%) | 558 (40.8%) | |
| 65+ | 1,119 (16.8%) | 475 (40.4%) | 217 (20.7%) | 427 (38.9%) | |
| Race/ethnicity | † | <0.0001 | |||
| White | 1,839 (61.2%) | 949 (53.1%) | 293 (16.3%) | 597 (30.6%) | |
| Black | 1,254 (11.3%) | 755 (61.4%) | 209 (17.1%) | 290 (21.6%) | |
| Hispanic | 502 (7.0%) | 260 (56.7%) | 83 (15.8%) | 159 (27.6%) | |
| Mexican American | 798 (9.9%) | 330 (41.4%) | 127 (15.9%) | 341 (42.8%) | |
| Other | 1,099 (10.6%) | 602 (52.9%) | 188 (18.8%) | 309 (28.3%) | |
| Sex | † | <0.0001 | |||
| Male | 2,744 (49.7%) | 1,333 (48.0%) | 434 (16.5%) | 977 (35.4%) | |
| Female | 2,748 (503%) | 1,563 (58.1%) | 466 (16.7%) | 719 (25.2%) | |
| Education | † | <0.0001 | |||
| Less than high school | 1,675 (19.5%) | 1,015 (63.5%) | 239 (14.6%) | 421 (22.0%) | |
| High school | 1,182 (25.2%) | 585 (48.8%) | 181 (14.6%) | 416 (36.6%) | |
| Some college | 1,519 (27.8%) | 722 (48.4%) | 262 (16.8%) | 535 (34.8%) | |
| At least college degree | 1,108 (27.6%) | 572 (54.5%) | 217 (19.7%) | 319 (25.9%) | |
| Language spoken at home | * | 0.0013 | |||
| English | 3,775 (80.2%) | 2,091 (54.4%) | 602 (16.5%) | 1,082 (29.0%) | |
| Spanish | 404 (4.4%) | 161 (40.8%) | 73 (16.7%) | 170 (42.4%) | |
| Both | 632 (8.5%) | 297 (50.0%) | 95 (14.9%) | 240 (35.0%) | |
| Other | 663 (6.9%) | 337 (49.1%) | 129 (19.5%) | 197 (31.4%) | |
| Federal income ratio | 0.5164 | ||||
| <1 | 975 (13.8%) | 548 (56.6%) | 130 (13.6%) | 297 (29.8%) | |
| 1‐2 | 1,342 (20.8%) | 692 (52.6%) | 225 (17.4%) | 425 (30.0%) | |
| >2 | 2,498 (65.4%) | 1,318 (53.2%) | 421 (16.4%) | 759 (30.4%) | |
| Waist‐to‐hip ratio | † | † | <0.0001 | ||
| Healthy | 2,574 (49.7%) | 1,767 (70.2%) | 354 (13.2%) | 453 (16.6%) | |
| Risk for women (≥0.85)/risk for men (≥1.0) | 2,724 (50.3%) | 1,038 (36.5%) | 505 (19.6%) | 1,181 (43.9%) | |
| BMI | † | † | <0.0001 | ||
| Normal or healthy | 1,802 (32.0%) | 1,541 (87.8%) | 155 (7.9%) | 106 (4.4%) | |
| Overweight | 1,657 (30.0%) | 847 (52.8%) | 340 (22.1%) | 470 (25.2%) | |
| Obese | 1,988 (38.0%) | 486 (24.2%) | 397 (19.7%) | 1,105 (56.1%) | |
| Smoking status | † | 0.0003 | |||
| Current | 826 (16.6%) | 444 (52.6%) | 118 (16.0%) | 264 (31.4%) | |
| Former | 1,081 (24.1%) | 427 (41.5%) | 200 (19.0%) | 454 (39.4%) | |
| Nonsmoker | 2,838 (59.3%) | 1,442 (53.0%) | 504 (17.0%) | 892 (29.9%) | |
| Physical activity | † | <0.0001 | |||
| Inactive | 1,145 (19.7%) | 497 (43.6%) | 202 (18.0%) | 446 (38.4%) | |
| Does not meet guidelines | 764 (15.5%) | 337 (40.2%) | 133 (18.7%) | 284 (41.1%) | |
| Meets guidelines | 2,846 (64.8%) | 1,479 (54.6%) | 487 (16.8%) | 880 (28.6%) | |
| Serum cholesterol | * | † | <0.0001 | ||
| Good (<200 mg/dL) | 3,550 (66.0%) | 1,971 (56.2%) | 553 (15.8%) | 1,026 (28.0%) | |
| Elevated (200‐239 mg/dL) | 1,144 (24.5%) | 516 (45.9%) | 217 (18.6%) | 411 (35.5%) | |
| High (≥240 mg/dL) | 468 (9.5%) | 192 (41.5%) | 91 (20.1%) | 185 (38.3%) | |
| Serum triglycerides | † | † | <0.0001 | ||
| Normal (<150 mg/dL) | 3,622 (69.4%) | 2,228 (62.9%) | 564 (15.5%) | 830 (21.6%) | |
| Borderline (150‐199 mg/dL) | 728 (14.9%) | 244 (33.8%) | 157 (23.8%) | 327 (42.3%) | |
| High (≥200 mg/dL) | 781 (15.7%) | 186 (22.5%) | 137 (16.5%) | 458 (61.0%) | |
| hsCRP | † | † | <0.0001 | ||
| Normal (0.1 to <1 mg/dL) | 1,772 (33.8%) | 1,272 (72.5%) | 230 (12.5%) | 270 (14.9%) | |
| Mild inflammation (1‐3 mg/dL) | 1,725 (34.7%) | 816 (47.9%) | 334 (20.0%) | 575 (32.1%) | |
| Significant inflammation (3‐10 mg/dL) | 1,285 (25.0%) | 452 (35.6%) | 236 (19.1%) | 597 (45.3%) | |
| Highly significant inflammation (≥10 mg/dL) | 349 (6.4%) | 119 (33.9%) | 56 (14.1%) | 174 (52.0%) | |
| AST | † | <0.0001 | |||
| Normal (≤40 U/L) | 4,899 (95.7%) | 2,579 (53.3%) | 821 (16.9%) | 1,499 (29.8%) | |
| Elevated (>40 U/L) | 215 (4.3%) | 71 (30.4%) | 35 (17.7%) | 109 (51.9%) | |
| ALT | † | † | <0.0001 | ||
| Normal (≤56 U/L) | 4,955 (96.3%) | 2,618 (53.3%) | 831 (16.9%) | 1,506 (29.8%) | |
| Elevated (>56 U/L) | 177 (3.7%) | 42 (26.0%) | 26 (16.9%) | 109 (57.1%) | |
| HbA1c | † | † | <0.0001 | ||
| Healthy (<5.7%) | 3,232 (68.9%) | 2,057 (62.6%) | 496 (16.6%) | 679 (20.7%) | |
| Prediabetes (5.7%‐6.4%) | 1,405 (22.6%) | 555 (35.5%) | 275 (18.8%) | 575 (45.6%) | |
| Diabetes (>6.5%) | 625 (8.5%) | 135 (15.9%) | 103 (13.8%) | 387 (70.2%) | |
| Variable names | Mean (SE) | Mean (SE) | Mean (SE) | Mean (SE) | |
| Age | 43.91 (0.57) | 39.16 (0.62) | 48.05 (1.04)† | 49.97 (0.71)† | <0.0001 |
| Waist‐to‐hip ratio | 0.92 (0.01) | 0.88 (0.01) | 0.94 (0.01)† | 0.98 (0.01)† | <0.0001 |
| BMI | 28.84 (0.25) | 25.40 (0.27) | 30.06 (0.30)† | 34.21 (0.42)† | <0.0001 |
| Serum cholesterol | 185.65 (1.63) | 180.46 (1.62) | 192.36 (2.55)† | 190.78 (2.17)† | <0.0001 |
| Serum triglycerides | 137.21 (3.25) | 105.28 (2.63) | 145.99 (5.18)† | 186.50 (4.87)† | <0.0001 |
| hsCRP | 3.54 (0.14) | 2.68 (0.20) | 3.50 (0.23)* | 5.02 (0.26)† | <0.0001 |
| AST | 22.12 (0.26) | 20.96 (0.43) | 22.39 (0.65) | 23.94 (0.55)† | <0.0001 |
| ALT | 22.65 (0.37) | 18.79 (0.46) | 22.77 (0.62)† | 29.13 (0.86)† | <0.0001 |
| HbA1c | 5.61 (0.01) | 5.38 (0.02) | 5.58 (0.03)† | 6.02 (0.04)† | <0.0001 |
Post hoc tests: *P < 0.05 compared to normal/mild (S0,S1); † P < 0.01 compared to normal/mild (S0,S1).
Abbreviation: SE, standard error.