Table 2.
Investigation, treatment and outcomes of the 15 consecutive patients diagnosed with COVID-19-associated mania or hypomania
| Characteristics | Values |
|
| |
| Brain scans (CT or CT and MRI) | Brain imaging was conducted in 12 patients with four showing abnormalities: |
|
| |
| 1 case: metastases | |
|
| |
| 3 cases: mild white matter ischaemic changes | |
|
| |
| Raised inflammatory markers*, (n) | 7 patients had raised inflammatory markers, i.e. |
|
| |
| - Increased CRP levels (n = 4) ranging from 38.2 to 366.8 mg/L | |
|
| |
| - Increased neutrophil count (n = 3) ranging from 10.9 to 21.6 × 103 /μL | |
|
| |
| Psychotropic medications prescribed, (n) | |
|
| |
| Olanzapine | 12 |
|
| |
| Benzodiazepine (lorazepam or clonazepam) | 9 |
|
| |
| Haloperidol | 6 |
|
| |
| Antihistamines (diphenhydramine/promethazine) | 5 |
|
| |
| Valproate | 4 |
|
| |
| Zolpidem | 3 |
|
| |
| Quetiapine | 2 |
|
| |
| Duration of inpatient stay in the COVID-19 facility (mean and range), (days) | 21.33 (8–51) |
|
| |
| Patients requiring transfer to psychiatric hospital | |
|
| |
| Yes | 5 |
|
| |
| No | 10 |
|
| |
| Relapse during 6-month follow-up (for 11 patients where follow-up information was available) (n) | |
|
| |
| Yes | 4 |
|
| |
| No | 11 |
|
| |
*Raised inflammatory markers: The normal values of CRP level and neutrophil count are 0–5 mg/L and 2-7 × 10 3 /μL, respectively