TABLE 2.

HRs for Incident Total Cardiovascular Disease and Heart Failure by Cumulative Proton Pump Inhibitor Use, Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, 2011–2016

	Exposure to proton pump inhibitors before baseline
Outcome	0 d (n=3211)	1 d-3.8 y (n=378)	3.9–5.1 y (n=381)	>5.1 y (n=376)
Total cardiovascular disease
No. of total cardiovascular disease eventsa	247	37	35	55
No. of person-yearsb	13,934	1664	1735	1487
Crude incidence rate/1000 person-years (95% Cl)	18 (16–20)	22 (16–31)	20 (14–28)	37 (28–48)
Model lc HR (95% Cl)	1 (reference)	1.25 (0.88–1.76)	1.13 (0.79–1.61)	2.11 (1.57–2.83)
Model 2d HR (95% Cl)	1 (reference)	1.22 (0.86–1.73)	1.10 (0.77–1.57)	2.21 (1.65–2.97)
Model 3e HR (95% Cl)	1 (reference)	1.19 (0.84–1.68)	1.04 (0.73–1.48)	2.02 (1.50–2.72)
Heart failure
No. of heart failure events	143	21	17	34
No. of person-yearsb	13.934	1664	1735	1487
Crude incidence rate/1000 person-years (95% Cl)	10 (9–12)	13 (8–19)	10 (6–16)	23 (16–32)
Model lc HR (95% Cl)	1 (reference)	1.22 (0.77–1.93)	0.95 (0.57–1.57)	2.25 (1.55–3.27)
Model 2d HR (95% Cl)	1 (reference)	1.18 (0.75–1.87)	0.92 (0.56–1.52)	2.41 (1.65–3.51)
Model 3e HR (95% Cl)	1 (reference)	1.18 (0.75–1.88)	0.88 (0.53–1.46)	2.21 (1.51–3.23)

^aTwenty-one participants had 2 different types of events on the same day. and I participant had 3 on the same day.

^bWe calculated person-years of follow-up as time elapsed from the baseline date to vyhichever came first: any cardovasciiar disease event (ie coronary heart disease heart failure or stroke), loss to follow-up. death, or administrative end of follow-up (ie. December 31. 2016).

^cUnadjusted.

^dAdjusted for demographic characteristics: age sex. and race.

^eAdjieted for Framingham cardiovascular disease risk factors: model 2 covariates. diabetes, smoking status, systolic blood pressure antihypertensive medication use. total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol