TABLE 1.
Pre-operative characteristics of all participants and a comparison of participants with and without a decrease in attention score on Day 1 after surgery.
| Variable | Overall cohort (N = 50) | No decrease in attention score (N = 32) | Decrease in attention score (N = 18) | p-value |
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| Demographics | ||||
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 68.8 (5.4) | 67.7 (4.4) | 70.7 (6.5) | 0.051 |
| Race/Ethnicity, n (%) White Black Other | 40 (80.0%) 9 (18.0%) 1 (2.0%) |
27 (84.4%) 5 (15.6%) 0 (0.0%) |
13 (72.2%) 4 (22.2%) 1 (5.6%) |
0.322 |
| Female gender, n (%) | 25 (50.0%) | 18 (56.3%) | 7 (38.9%) | 0.242 |
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| Psychosocial characteristics | ||||
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| Years of education, median [Q1, Q3] | 16 [14,17] | 16 [14,17] | 16 [14,17] | 0.973 |
| MMSE score, median [Q1, Q3] | 28 [26, 29] | 28.5 [27, 29] | 27.5 [24, 29] | 0.323 |
| Cognitive impairment (MMSE < 26), n (%) | 10 (20.0%) | 4 (12.5%) | 6 (33.3%) | 0.144 |
| Baseline attention score, n (%) 1 2 3 4 | 1 (2.0%) 4 (8.0%) 11 (22.0%) 34 (68.0%) |
0 (0.0%) 3 (9.4%) 9 (28.1%) 20 (62.5%) |
1 (5.6%) 1 (5.6%) 2 (11.1%) 14 (77.8%) |
0.304 |
| CES-depression, median [Q1, Q3] | 7 [4, 16] | 7 [5, 15] | 8 [4, 16] | 0.983 |
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| Pre-surgical health status | ||||
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| Self-rated health, n (%) Excellent Very good Good Fair Poor | 8 (16.0%) 19 (38.0%) 17 (34.0%) 6 (12.0%) 0 (0.0%) |
6 (18.8%) 13 (40.6%) 10 (31.3%) 3 (9.4%) 0 (0.0%) |
2 (11.1%) 6 (33.3%) 7 (38.9%) 3 (16.7%) 0 (0.0%) |
0.732 |
| IADL score, median [Q1, Q3] | 6 [6, 6] | 6 [6, 6] | 6 [6, 7] | 0.413 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 29.2 (5.6) | 30.6 (5.8) | 26.8 (4.3) | 0.021 |
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| Comorbidities | ||||
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| Diabetes, n (%) | 6 (12.0%) | 3 (9.4%) | 3 (16.7%) | 0.654 |
| Chronic lung disease, n (%) | 8 (16.0%) | 5 (15.6%) | 3 (16.7%) | >0.994 |
| Cardiovascular disease, n (%) | 12 (24.0%) | 4 (12.5%) | 8 (44.4%) | 0.024 |
| Renal disease (mod-severe), n (%) | 5 (10.0%) | 2 (6.3%) | 3 (16.7%) | 0.344 |
| Cerebrovascular disease, n (%) | 1 (2.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (5.6%) | 0.364 |
| Thyroid disease, n (%) | 10 (20.0%) | 8 (25.0%) | 2 (11.1%) | 0.304 |
| Rheumatoid arthritis, n (%) | 1 (2.0%) | 1 (3.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | >0.994 |
P-value key: 1 = t-test, 2 = Chi-Square, 3 = Wilcoxon rank sum, 4 = Fisher.
MMSE, mini mental status exam; IADL, instrumental activities of daily living; and MAC, monitored anesthesia care.
Values that are significant or nearly significant are bolded.